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Unit 4 - Enterics Flashcards

1
Q

What shape are Enterobacteriaceae

A

GNR
Straight Rods

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2
Q

What orgs are straight rods

A

Enterobacteriaceae (enterics)
Non-fermentative GNR

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3
Q

What orgs are curved rods

A

Vibrio and relatives

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4
Q

What orgs are bacilli to coccobacilli, fastidious

A

Haemophilus

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5
Q

What orgs are unusual, fastidious rods

A

The Ella sisters
(eg. pasteurella)

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6
Q

Where are enterics found?

A

Everywhere
“Ubiquitous”

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7
Q

Where is Enterobacteriaceae found as normal flora?

A

Bowel of humans and animals

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8
Q

Oxidase result of Enterics family

A

Negative

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9
Q

What sugar do all enterics ferment?

A

Glucose

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10
Q

What do all enterics reduce?

A

NitrATES to nitrITES

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11
Q

What plates do all enterics grow on?

A

Non-enriched media

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12
Q

What kind of oxygen environment do enterics require?

A

Facultative anaerobes
(can grow with or without oxygen)

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13
Q

Do enterics form spores?

A

No,
non-spore formers

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14
Q

What enterics are OPPORTUNISTIC

A

“run of the mill” E. coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Serratia
Proteus

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15
Q

Where are opportunistic enterics found?

A

Normal flora of the bowel (large intestine)

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16
Q

Where are opportunistic enterics capable of escaping to to cause disease

A

Blood
Surgical wounds
Urinary Tract

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17
Q

Which enterics are strict pathogens

A

Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Some strains of E. coli (O157:H7)

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18
Q

Enterics virulence factors

A

Adherence
Colonizing ability
Toxins
Invasiveness

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19
Q

Antigenic structure of Enterics

A

O Ag
H Ag
K Ag

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20
Q

O antigens

A

Cell wall antiens
Somatic antigens
Heat stabile

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21
Q

H antigens

A

Flagella antigens
Only in motile species
Heat labile

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22
Q

K antigens

A

Polysaccharide capsule
Heat labile
Only in some species (ex. S. typhi)

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23
Q

What medias are used to ISOLATE

A

TSA with SBA - Non-selective, enriched, differential
MAC - Selective & Differential
EMB - Selective & Differential

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24
Q

What tube medias are used to IDENTIFY
XXXXXX FIX XXXXXX

A

(Biochemical)
TSI
LIA
Urea
Citrate
(Enzyme production detection)

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25
Q

How do enteric colonies appear on SBA?

A

Large, dirty, gray
Not distinct
Maybe slimy
SOMETIMES hemolytic

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26
Q

How do you assess an enteric based on hemolysis?

A

You don’t
Not critical for ID

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27
Q

How is MAC Selective and differential?

A

Selective for GNR
Differential for lactose or non-lactose fermentation

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28
Q

how are EMB Selective and differential?
XXXX CONFIRM ANS XXXX

A

Selective for GNR
Differential for Lactose fermentation or H2S production

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29
Q

Is E. coli normal flora?

A

Yes, in bowel

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30
Q

How does E. coli look like on the plate

A

Dirty gray colony
Beta Hemolytic
Pink - MAC
Metallic Green - EMB

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31
Q

What organism is characteristic based on its metallic green sheen on EMB?

A

E. coli

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32
Q

What organism is characteristic for possible B hemolysis

A

E. coli

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33
Q

What organism is a slow lactose fermenter?

A

E. coli

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34
Q

Is E. coli a lactose fermenter?

A

No, not always

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35
Q

What are key biochemical reactions for E. coli

A

Indole positive
Methyl red positive

36
Q

What diseases are caused by garden variety E. coli

A

Uncomplicated UTIs
Septicemia
Menigitis (esp. in newborns)

37
Q

Is Klebsiella normal flora?

A

Yes, of bowel

38
Q

What diseases does Klebsiella cuse

A

UTI
Opportunistic infections
Pneumonia (K. pneumoniae)

39
Q

Does Klebsiella ferment lactose?

A

Yes, always

40
Q

Key biochemical reactions of Klebsiella

A

Citrate positive
MG neg
VP pos
Indole neg (except K. oxytoca)
Ornithine decarboxylase neg
Non-motile

41
Q

SKY
XXXX FINISH XXXXX

A

Non-motile in Klebsiellae tribe
S-
K- Klebsiella
Y- Yersinia

42
Q

Is enterobacter normal flora

A

Yes, bowel

43
Q

What diseases does Enterobacter cause

A

Septicemia
UTIs

44
Q

Does Enterobacter ferment lactose?

45
Q

Is Enterobacter motile?

46
Q

How does klebsiella appear on plate

A

Mucoid, slimy

47
Q

How does enterobacter look like on a palte

A

Mucoid, slimy, less than klebsiella

48
Q

Biochemical reactions of Klebsiella

A

Ornithine positive
MR negative
VR positive

49
Q

Is serratia normal flora?

A

Yes of bowel

50
Q

Where is serratia commonly isolated from?

A

Nosocomial infections

51
Q

What organism is very resistant to antibiotics?

52
Q

What are lab characteristics of serratia

A

Slow lactose fermenter
ONPG positive (way to detect if it can ferment lactose at all)
Pigmented salmon to orange color
DNase positive

53
Q

What organism is pigmented salmon to orange color

54
Q

What organism In the klebsiellae family is Dnase positive

55
Q

Proteeae = PPM Family

A

Proteus
Providencia
Morganella

56
Q

Are PPM normal flora?

A

Yes, bowel

57
Q

What is a specific PPM feature

A

Deamination of amino acids (phenylalanine and lysine)

58
Q

What are the only genera of enterics that can deaminate amino acids

59
Q

Do PPM ferment lactose

60
Q

Do PPM ferment sucrose

61
Q

What diseases does proteus cause

A

UTI
Wound infection
Burns
Swimmers ear

62
Q

What does proteus look like on a plate

A

Swarming on SBA (not all)

63
Q

Key reactions of Proteus sp.

A

Quickly urease pos
Deamination of a.a.
Motile
H2S production

64
Q

2 most common proteus species?

A

P. mirabilis
P. vulgaris

65
Q

How to differentiate between P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris

A

mirabilis - Indole neg
vulgaris - indole pos

66
Q

Providencia sp. key reactions

A

ALL indole positive
H2S negative
No swarming

67
Q

What is the only species of morganella

A

Morganella morganii

68
Q

What are the key reactions of M. morganii

A

Same as providencia

69
Q

Escherichieae Tribe

A

E. coli
Shigella

70
Q

Klebsiellae tribe

A

Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Serratia

71
Q

Citrobacteriaceae Tribe

A

Citrobacter
(used to contain Salmonella, Citrobacter, Arizona)

72
Q

Where is Citrobacter isolated from

73
Q

Citrobacter lab characteristics

A

H2S production
Urea - positive
Lysine decarboxylation - Positive
Lactose fermentation - Pos

74
Q

What tests are used to differentiate Citrobacter from Salmonella

A

urea
lysine decarboxylation
lactose fermentation

75
Q

Where is Salmonella carried

A

Humans AND animals
Chicken, turkeys
Eggs
Dairy

76
Q

What does Salmonella cause

A

Gasteroenteritis - non-typhoid species
Typhoid fever - Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi

77
Q

What Salmonella sp. is carried in humans only?

A

S. enterica serotype Typhi

78
Q

Where is Shigella carried

A

Only humans

79
Q

What does Shigella cause

A

Bacillary dysentery
- Invasive disease of bowel
- Mucous and blood in stool

80
Q

Where is shigella transmitted

A

Day cares
Close quarters
Unsanitary conditions

81
Q

Where is Yersinia carried

82
Q

What does yersinia cause

A

Gastroenteritis - Y. enterocolitica
Abdominal infections of lymph nodes - Y. pseudotuberculosis
Plague - Y. pestis

83
Q

Salmonella enterica 6 subspecies

A

I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, VI

84
Q

Most human pathogens are in what subspecies of Salmonella?

A

Subspecies I
(S. enterica subsp. enterica)

85
Q

Two species of Salmonella

A

S. enterica
S. bongori

Microbiology (5 decks)

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