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Microbiology > Unit 1: Intro to Micro > Flashcards

Unit 1: Intro to Micro Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of Microbiology

A

Study of very small organisms

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2
Q

Smalled type of organism?

A

Viruses

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3
Q

Largest type of organisms?

A

Parasites

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4
Q

Order of largest to smallest organism

A

Virus (Smallest)
Rickettsiae
Mycoplasma & Chlamydia
Bacteria
Fungi (Yeasts & Mold)
Parasites (Largest)

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5
Q

Size of viruses

A

0.01 micrometers

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6
Q

Which organism is seen only with an electron microscope?

A

Virus

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7
Q

Size of Bacteria

A

1-3 micrometers

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8
Q

Size of RBC

A

7-9 micrometers

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9
Q

Medical and Clinical Micro similarities

A

Both study organisms causing disease in humans
Both cover gen. micro (viruses -> parasites)

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10
Q

Which type of microbiology soley studies organisms by group?

A

Medical Micro

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11
Q

How does clinical microbiology study organisms?

A

Same as Medical Micro
First by group then by body site isolated from in humans

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12
Q

How does medical microbiology study organisms?

A

Organisms by group -
Gram stain and shape of bacteria
Taxonomy of parasites

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13
Q

Suffix of Family of bug

A

-aceae

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14
Q

Genus of Bug

A

First word of name
(eg. Staphylococcus, Escheria)

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15
Q

Species of Bug

A

Second word of name
(eg. coli, aureus)

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16
Q

How do you write the complete name (genus and species) of a bug?

A

Escherichia coli (underlined or italicized)

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17
Q

How do you write the abbreviated name for a bug?

A

E. coli (underlined or italicized)

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18
Q

How do you write the Genus only of a bug?

A

Escherichia sp./spp. (underlined or italicized)

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19
Q

How do you write the name of a group of organisms?

A

staphylococci
(NOT capitalized, underlined, nor italicized)

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20
Q

What is the diagnostic process in microbiology?

A

1) Symptoms of infectious disease
2) Specimen collected FROM SITE AFFECTED
3) Specimen transfer to lab
4) Specimen processing in lab
5) Specimen ID
6) AST (IF INDICATED FOR ORGANISM)
7) Report results to MD

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21
Q

Where does the doctor collect the organism from?

A

Only site(s) affected

22
Q

When is AST done?

A

IF it’s indicated by the organism

23
Q

What is the first step of the clinical diagnostic process in microbiology?

A

The patient exhibits symptoms of disease

24
Q

How does the patient-doctor interaction go down?

A

History of illness
Physical exam
Tentative problem/infectious site identified
Lab tests ordered

25
Q

What has to be result of the physical exam to indicate an infection?

A

Fever, Swelling, Redness, pus

26
Q

What are examples of lab tests ordered

A

CBC
Urinalysis
Culture

27
Q

What is the gold standard of identifying organisms causing disease (BACTERIA)

A

Culture

28
Q

How is a culture conducted to identify a pathogen?

A

Isolation of colony, then identification

29
Q

What are the different methods of identifying an organism causing disease? (BACTERIA)

A

Culture
Serology
Microscopy of body site specimen (histology)
Molecular - GENOTYPIC
Biochemical - PHENOTYPIC
Immunochemical

30
Q

Molecular methods

A

Genotypic

31
Q

Biochemical Methods

A

Phenotypic

32
Q

Immunochemical

A

Sandwich methods
Antigens/Antibodies using labels

33
Q

Example of serology test

A

Latex agglutination test for antigens in CSF

34
Q

What are the rules to collecting. specimen?

A

MUST be for infected site
MUST be collected aseptically
Place in transport media if required
Keep at required temp. during transport
Send to lab promptly

35
Q

Where must the specimen be collected from?

A

Infected site (Sputum vs Saliva)

36
Q

Example of aseptic specimen

A

Clean catch urine

37
Q

Rapid methods of specimen identification

A

Gene probes (molecular)
Immunochemical
Serology

38
Q

Examples of gene probes for molecular identification

A

Probe for M. tuberculosis in sputum

39
Q

Example of Immunochemical method for specimen ID

A

ELISA for HIV

40
Q

Example of Serology test for specimen ID

A

Latex agglutination test for Ags in CSF

41
Q

What info is on a lab report when specimen is ID?

A

ALWAYS GENUS
maybe species
maybe AST
maybe number of organisms isolated

42
Q

Resident normal flora

A

Always there, there for months to years

43
Q

Transient normal flora

A

Sometimes there

44
Q

Carrier state normal flora

A

Harboring pathogen that doesn’t cause apparent disease but can pass it on to others

45
Q

Disinfection

A

Bleach

46
Q

Sterilization

A

Autoclave

47
Q

Aseptic technique

A

Bacticinerator

48
Q

When is something autoclaved?

A

When it has bacteria

49
Q

Opportunistic infection

A

Not usually pathogenic

50
Q

Physical Protection

A

Gloves
Biologic safety cabinet
Lab coats

Microbiology (5 decks)

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