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Microbiology > Unit 3 - Gram Negative Cocci > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards

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1
Q

Neiseriaceae family shape

A

GN Diplococci
or
Short GNR

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2
Q

Family Neisseriaceae Oxidase result

A

Positive

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3
Q

Family neisseriaceae Catalase results

A

Positive
EXCEPT Kingella & Eikenella

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4
Q

Are Neisseriaceae fastidious or non fastidious?

A

Fastidious
except kingella

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5
Q

Are Neisseria normal flora as a whole?

A

Some are, others aren’t

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6
Q

Neisseriaceae Virulence factors

A

Capsule
Pili
Cell wall proteins
Endotoxin
IgA protease

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7
Q

Sometimes when you take meds while having a neisseriaceae infection, it can hurt. Why?

A

Endotoxins release upon death

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8
Q

What is the predominant host response with a Neisseriaceae infection?

A

PMN

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9
Q

Neisseria spp. diseases caused

A

Gonorrhea
Miningitis
Meningococcemia
DGI
Gonococcal arthritis
Otitis media
Sinusitis

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10
Q

Pathogenic Neisseria family colonies appear how on a plate?

A

Non pigmented

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11
Q

What are the non-pigmented Neisseria family?

A

N. gonorrhoeae
N. meningitides
N. weaveri

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12
Q

Normal flora Neisseria appear how on a plate?

A

Pigmented

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13
Q

What are the pigmented Neisseria

A

N. lactamica
N. sicca
Moraxella catarrhalis

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14
Q

Is N. gonorrhoeae ever normal flora?

A

No, strict pathogen

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15
Q

Where is N. gonorrhoeae found in?

A

only humans

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16
Q

Where on the body can gonorrhea be isolated?

A

Anus
Eyes
Throat
Blood
Private parts

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17
Q

What are the male complications in male gonorrhea

A

Epididymitis
Urethral stricture
Prostatitis

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18
Q

Female gonorrheal complications

A

PID
Sterility

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19
Q

Manifestations of Gonorrhea

A

DGI
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Asymptomatic genital infections

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20
Q

What causes DGI?

A

Gonorrhea caused by AHU strains
(Arginine, hypoxanthine, uracil)

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21
Q

How common is DGI in gonnorhea patients?

A

<3%

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22
Q

What percentage of females are asymptomatic for gonorrhea?

A

About 50%

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23
Q

How is GC a delicate organism?

A

Fastidious

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24
Q

Specimen collection requirements for GC

A

Dacron or rayon swab
Enriched agar with CO2
Must be kept warm

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25
Q

Transport media for GC

A

JEMBEC

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26
Q

What is JEMBEC

A

Chocolate agar w antibiotics
Small plastic compact with CO2 tablet
Streaked in W with swab then across with loop

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27
Q

What kind of agar does GC require

A

Chocolate agar

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28
Q

What is in Chocolate agar?

A

Enriched base
Hemoglobin
NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

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29
Q

What mimics NAD?

A

IsoVitaleX

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30
Q

Why must selective agar be used when plating GC?

A

Inhibits normal flora

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31
Q

What selective agars are used for GC?

A

Thayer Martin
Modified Thayer Martin
Martin Lewis
NYC medium

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32
Q

What is Thayer Martin plate

A

Chocolate agar
Vancomycin, colistin, nystatin

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33
Q

What is modified Thayer martin

A

Thayer Martin plus trimethoprim

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34
Q

What is Martin lewis

A

Chocolate agar
Vancomycin, colistin, anisomycin (yeast), trimethoprim

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35
Q

What is NYC medium

A

Horse blood yeast extract
Similar antibiotics as MTM

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36
Q

If clinical site has no normal flora, what plate should you use?

A

Plain chocolate agar

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37
Q

If the clinical site has no normal flora, what plate do you use?

A

Chocolate agar

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38
Q

What clinical sites have no normal flora?

A

Synovial fluid
CSF

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39
Q

How does GC appear on a plate?

A

SMall
Translucent
No pigment
Some variation in colonies of the same strain

40
Q

How do colonies of GC vary by size?

A

Corresponds to P antigen on surface
Types T1-T5

41
Q

How old should GC be for biochemical testing?

A

Young, organisms will autolyze as it continues growing

42
Q

Expected test results for GC

A

Oxidase positive
Catalase postiive
Uses glucose only

43
Q

What is the definitive ID for GC?

A

Carbohydrate utilization tests

44
Q

Is culture required for the ID of GC?

A

Not anymore

45
Q

Treatment for GC

A

Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin

46
Q

Why is GC resistant to penicillin?

A

Beta lactamases

47
Q

Is Neisseria meningitides normal flora?

A

Can exist in a carrier state

48
Q

Who is at risk for N. menigitides?

A

People living in close quarters

49
Q

Which organism is quickly fatal if untreated?

A

N. meningitides

50
Q

N. meningitides can cause ___ with or without ___

A

meningococcemia, menigitis

51
Q

N. meningitides capsule types

A

A, B, C, Y, W-135

52
Q

What are the pathologic mechanisms of N. menigitidis

A

Pili
Capsule
Endotoxin
IgA protease

53
Q

Treatment for meningitis?

A

Penicillin

54
Q

Someone with meningitis is allergic to penicillin, what are they given next?

A

Chloramphenicol

55
Q

What is given as prophylaxis for meningitis?

A

Rifampin

56
Q

What capsule types are people vaccinated to

A

A & C, W-135 & Y when young
Serotype B when older

57
Q

Complications of Meningitis

A

DIC
Shock
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

58
Q

What is Waterhouse friderichsen syndrome

A

Disseminated meningococcal infection with rash and hemorrhage in adrenals

59
Q

Septic Shock in meningitis symptoms

A

Low oxygen and BP
Inc heart rate

60
Q

What can cause septic shock that’s a GNC?

A

N. meningitis

61
Q

What kind of environment is needed to grow N. meningitidis?

A

CO2
Warm and moist

62
Q

How does N. meningitides appear on a plate?

A

Shiny & Non-pigmented

63
Q

Test results for N. meningitides

A

oxidase pos
catalase pos
Glucose and maltose usage

64
Q

What are useful tests for IDing Neisseria?

A

Chromogenic enzyme substrate testing
MALDI-TOF
carb utilization

65
Q

N. meningitis on gram stain

A

Intracellular AND extracellular diplococci
Gram negative, but may resist decolorization and size variation

66
Q

Which neisseria bug is isolated from dog bite wounds?

A

N. weaveri

67
Q

Shape of N. weaveri

A

Short Gram Neg rod

68
Q

What did N. weaveri used to be called

A

CDC group M5

69
Q

Carb utilization for N. weaveri

A

None

70
Q

Non-pathogenic Neisseria is normal flora of where?

A

URT
Female genital track

71
Q

Where is Moraxella normal flora of?

A

URT

72
Q

What does Moraxella cause?

A

Otitis media
Sinusitis

73
Q

Gram stain of M. catarrhalis

A

Uniform size
may show tetrads

74
Q

Where does M. catarrhalis grow?

A

SBA
Chocolate

75
Q

A colony on a plate appears like a wagon wheel, what might this be?

A

M. catarrhalis

76
Q

A colony slides across the plate like a hockey puck, what might this be?

A

M. catarrhalis

77
Q

How to distinguish M. catarrhalis from Neisseria?

A

No sugar
DNase positive
Butyrate esterase positive

78
Q

Butyrate esterase result in Neisseria

A

Neg

79
Q

M. catarrhalis can produce ____ that makes it resistant to ___

A

Beta lactamase
Ampicillin or amoxicillin

80
Q

Where is Kingella normal flora of

A

URT

81
Q

How does Kingella appear on the agar

A

Like non pathogenic neisseria

82
Q

Gram stain of Kingella

A

GNC with no water
GNR with water

83
Q

How do you distinguish true gram stain shape of Kingella?

A

Incubation with penicillin disc

84
Q

How does Kingella grow when around penicillin disc?

A

Grows as a rod

85
Q

Catalase result of Kingella

A

Negative

86
Q

Kingella is usually isolated in..?

A

Immunosuppressed patients

87
Q

Where is Eikenella corrodes normal flora of?

A

Mouth and bowel

88
Q

Oxidase result of Eikenella

A

Positive

89
Q

Catalase result of Eikenella

A

Negative

90
Q

How does Eikenella appear on stain?

A

More rod shaped than Neisseria

91
Q

What does Eikenella need to grow?

A

CO2

92
Q

Where is Eikenella isolated form

A

Human bite from punching teeth
Licking needle clean and shooting it up

93
Q

What does eikenella do to the agar?

A

Pits the agar

94
Q

What org smells like bleach?

A

E. corrodens

95
Q
A

Microbiology (5 decks)

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