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Mycobacteria Flashcards

1
Q

General growth rate of Mycobacteria

A

Slow
16-18 hours for one division

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2
Q

Why is Mycobacteria Acid Fast?

A

Large amounts of lipids in cell wall

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3
Q

Aerobic/Anaerobic?
Motile/NonMotile?
Spore forming/nonspore forming?

A

Aerobic
Non motile
Non spore forming

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4
Q

Shape of Mycobacteria

A

Rod shaped
Beaded

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5
Q

Virulence mechanisms of Mycobacteria?

A

Intracellular survival resisting phagocytic acidification

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6
Q

Bodily defenses against Mycobacteria?

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity
Acquired cellular immunity

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7
Q

TB most often route of entry?

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

Mode of infection for TB

A

Alveolar macrophages eat TB, T-Cells arrive 4-6 weeks later, bacteria eliminated –> primary lesion heals or hard tubercle/granulomar forms if bacteria not eliminated

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9
Q

Who develops miliary TB?

A

Young kinds, immunosuppressed, old people

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10
Q

Factors contributing to reactivation of TB

A

Malnutrition
Alcoholism
Homelessness
Immunosuppressed
AIDS
Incarceration

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11
Q

Pathology of Tuberculosis

A

Tubercle or Caseation
Tubercle - Physical walling off of TB
Caseation - Cheese-like necrotic tissue from the original alveolar lesion

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12
Q

Other sites for TB

A

Cervical lymphadenitis
Pleuritis
Pericarditis
Synovitis
Meningitis
Skin
Miliary tuberculosis (disseminated)
Spine

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13
Q

Lab features of TB

A

Slow growing
Non-pigmented, rough
Serpentine cording in liquid media

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14
Q

Key lab test results for TB

A

Niacin pos
Nitrate pos
68C Catalase neg

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15
Q

Hansen’s Disease AKA

A

Leprosy

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16
Q

How is Leprosy transferred?

A

From the nose

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17
Q

Incubation period of M. leprae

A

Years

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18
Q

Symptoms of Leprosy

A

Anesthetic skin lesions
Peripheral neuropathy
Nerve thickening
Deformation

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19
Q

How is Leprosy diagnosed?

A

Clinical symptoms, acid fast, armadillos

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20
Q

What does M. leprae grow on?

A

Cannot grow on artificial media

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21
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

A

More localized,
More serious
Not very infection

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22
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy

A

Disseminated
More infectious

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23
Q

How is Leprosy treated?

A

Curable with antibiotics
Non-infectious after 3 days
Treatable with thalinomide

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24
Q

Slow growing bacteria other than TB

A

Avium
kansasii
marinum
szulgai
scrofulaceum
ulcerans

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25
Q

Most commonly isolated Mycobacteria sp.?

A

M. avium

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26
Q

Pathogenicity of avium

A

Low, except AIDS/immunosuppressed

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27
Q

Diseases M. avian causes

A

TB-like pulmonary disease
Cervical lymphadenitis
Disseminated
Chrons Disease (M. avium paratuberculosis)

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28
Q

Colony lab features of M. avium

A

Slow-growing
Non-pigmented
Heterogenous morphology

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29
Q

Biochemical reactions M. avium

A

HS Catalase pos
T2H pos
Tellurite pos
Pyrazinamidase

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30
Q

Yellow bacillus

A

M. kansasii

31
Q

Source of M. avium

A

Environment
Animals

32
Q

Sources of M. kansasii

A

Environment
Tap-water

33
Q

2nd most common Mycobacteria

A

M. kansasii

34
Q

Diseases caused by M. kansasii

A

Chronic pulmonary disease
Skin infection
Disseminated in immunosuppressed

35
Q

Lab characteristics of M. kansasii

A

Pigmented
Photochromogen
Slow-grower

36
Q

Biochemical reactions for M. kansasii

A

T2H pos
Nitrate pos
68C Catalase pos
Tween pos
Pyrazinamidase neg

37
Q

M. marinum sources

A

Fresh and salt water from fish
Gets into a cut

38
Q

Ex. of cases of M. marinum

A

Fish-tank granuloma
Watermen (sporotrichosis-like, wound travels up limb)
Swimming pool granuloma in life guards

39
Q

Pathogenicity of M. marinum

A

Lesion that is hard and lumpy (sporotrichosis)

40
Q

Lab characteristics of M. marinum

A

Slow growing
photochromogen –> dark yellow

41
Q

Biochemicals M. marinum

A

Tween pos
Pyrazindamidase pos
urease pos

42
Q

M. szulgai sources

43
Q

M. szulgai disease

A

Chronic pulmonary disease
Disseminated in immunosuppressed

44
Q

Lab characteristics of M. szulgai

A

Photochromogen at 25C
Scrotochromogen at 37C

45
Q

Biohcemicals for M. szulgai

A

T2H pos
Nitrate pos
68C catalase pos
Pyrazinamidase pos

46
Q

M. scrofulaceum sources

A

Dairy products
Soil
Water

47
Q

M. scrofulaceum disease

A

Cervical lymphadenitis in kids
Pulmonary disease

48
Q

Lab characteristics of M. scrofulaceum

A

Slow grower
Scrotochromogen

49
Q

Biochemicals M. scrofulaceum

A

T2H pos
68C Catalase pos

50
Q

M. ulcerans sources

A

Tropical wetlands
Diseases in wild animals

51
Q

(in developing nations) 3rd most frequent Myco. infect

A

M. ulcerans

52
Q

M. ulcerans lab characteristics

A

Hard to grow (lower temperature, heat sensitive)
No pigment
8-12 week incubation

53
Q

M. ulcerans biochemical results

A

T2H pos
68C Catalase pos

54
Q

M. forticum Source

A

Water
Soil
Dust

55
Q

M. forticum diseases

A

Post-Surgical wounds
Traumatic wounds

56
Q

M. forticum lab characteristics

A

Nonpigmented colonies
Multi-Lobed colonies
Growth on Modified MAC (no crystal violet)

57
Q

Biochemicals M. forticum

A

Nitrate pos
Iron uptake pos

58
Q

M. chelone sources

A

Environment, exactly where is unknown

59
Q

M. chelone diseases

A

Nodules in skin w draining lesions
Cystic Fibrosis patients

60
Q

Slowest growing organism of Rapid Growing Mycobacteria?

A

M. chelone

61
Q

Lab characteristics of M. chelone

A

Likes lower temps
Off-white smooth colonies

62
Q

Biochemicals M. chelone

A

Nitrate neg
Iron uptake neg

63
Q

M. abscesses sources

64
Q

M. abscesses diseases

A

Nosocomial, related to surgery
Environmental, related to trauma
Chronic Lung disease (CF)

65
Q

M. abscesses lab characteristics

A

Non-pigmented
Off-white
Irregular
Smooth or Wrinkled

66
Q

M. abscesses biochemicals

A

Similar to M. chelone
RFLP Most reliable

67
Q

M. gordonae sources

A

Tap water bacillus
soil

68
Q

Most common non-pathologic species

A

M. gordonae

69
Q

Lab characteristics of M. gordonae

A

Scotochromogen
Yellow to Orange
Smooth

70
Q

Biochemicals M. gordonae

A

Nitrate neg

71
Q

Species of Mycobacteria Tuberculosis Complex

A

M. tuberculosis
M. africanum
M. bovis

72
Q

What prevents TB from bovis?

A

Pasteurization
Herd control programs

73
Q

M. avium complex

A

M. avium
M. paratuberculosis
M. intracellulare

Microbiology (5 decks)

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