Unit 4 Electricity Lesson 1-5 Flashcards
What makes something positive, negative, neutral?
positive: having a difficiecy in electrons (losing electrons)
negative: having a surplus of electrons (gaining electrons)
neutral: having the same amount of protons and electrons
3
What happens when charged objects are brought together?
- electrical charges of like signs repel eachother (++ or –)
- electrical charges of opposite signs attract each other (+-)
- electricla charges of neutral and charge signs attract each other (+ neutral and - neutral)
if these objects stay on an object it can cause…
static electricity
if these charges flow through an object it can cause…
dynamic electricity
who am i
the force between two charged particles
electrical force
what are the 2 factors that affect electrical force?
- Disctance between them
- Magnitude of the charge
how mnay electrons is 1 coulomb?
6.25 x 10 to the power of 18
Fe uses what unit of measurement?
electrical field in Newton’s (N)
when using r = distance between the two particles you use ?
METERS
what are the 3 ways of charging an object?
- Friction
- conduction
- induction
triboelectric
explain an electrostatic series
- it is a list of materials ranked by their week or strong tendency to hold onto electrons when rubbed together
- so substances close to the top of the series are rubbed they will lose their electrons and obtain a positive charge
- so substances close to the bottom will gain those electrons and obtain a negative charge since the hve a strong hold
explain charging by friction
- by rubbing, electrons leave the atoms of an object
- these elctrons come from one object and go to the other
- therefore one object gains electrons and one object loses electrons
- you are left with two oposite charges if you started with two neutral
explain charging by conduction
- when a charged object comes in contact with a neutral object, the electric charge is shared by both objects
- you are left with two objects wiht the same charges if you started with one charged and one neutral
explain charging by induction
- one charged object and one neutral object
- the proximity of the charged obejct causes the charges in the nuetral object to seperate
- you are then left with one charged object and one object carrying a partial negative charge on the one side and a partial postive charge
what is current electricity
the flow of electrons
what is electric current?
the total amount of charge passing through a wire over a period of time
current intensity
how is I measured?
with an amneter
what is the formula for current intensity with each unit of measure?
I = q/t (I am a q t)
Current intensity I= Amps (A)
electric charge q = Coulombs (C)
time t = seconds (s)
(potential difference)
what is voltage
the change in energy between two points in an electrical circuit
how is this energy in an electrical circuit given?
by a battery or a power supply (outlet)
voltage
how is V measured and whats special about it
- with a voltmeter
- it is connected outside the circuit around the component whose voltage you are measuring
what is the formula for voltage with each unit of measure?
V= E/q
voltage (V)= volts (V)
electric charge (q) = coulombs (C)
energy (E) = Joules (J)
what can resistance be?
- a resistor is a component designed to reduce the current
- a resistor is also a compnent ina circuit that transforms electrical energy into other types of energy (electrical into thermal)
what are resistors?
- they have a ceramic coating with a color -coding bands to indicate the resistance
very tiny
how do you read a resistor?
- the 1st and 2nd band give you the first 2 digits
- the 3rd band is the exponent on ten by which the 2 first digits are multiplied by
- the 4th band is the tolerance of the resistor (+or-%) (5% = 0.05)
IT WILL BE IN A RANGE
how do you calculate resistance and its units of measure
R = V/I
Resistance (R)= Ohms (Ω)
Voltage (V)= volts (V)
current intensity (I) = Amps (A)
