UNIT 3 Lesson 1-5 Flashcards
What is an electrolyte?
it is a substance that conducts an electric current when dissolved in water
fill in the blank
therefore an _____ allows electricity to flow through it.
electrolytic solution
what happens when an electrolyte is dissolved in water?
it seperates into thwo iona of oposite charges: positive and negative
What is dissociation?
When an ionic compound is dissolved in water. This means the ions separate.
What type of molecule is made of ions?
ionic compounds
What are the steps for electrolytic dissociation euqations?
1.seperate the elements
2.write the charges(use periodic table)
3.make sure the little numbers become bigger numbers (watch out for cant touch thisss)
4. include the state of the matter (aq)
tip= the charges will always equal eachother
The amount of current flowing ina solution depends on ….
the amount of ionas present
(..) …
the higher the degree of dissociation = …
(the greater the number of ions)= the stronger the electrolyte
Describe the non-electrolytic solution and give an example
- a covalent compound (non metal and non metal) is dissolved in water
- so no ions are produced
- example = sugar
describe the weak electrolytic solution and give an example
- incomplete ionic dissociation
- results in very few ions being released
example = vinegar (acetic acid)
describe a strong electrolytic solution and give an example
- complete or FULL ionic dissociation
- results in ALL ions being released
example = salt
What are the three types of electrolytes?
- acids
- bases
- salts
give me the properties of an acid
- conducts electricity (as electrolytic solution)
- reacts with metals
- taste sour
- turns litmus paper RED
give me the properties of a base
- conducts electricity (as electrolytic solution)
- do not react with metals
- taste bitter
- feels slippery
- turns litmus paper BLUE
give me the properties of salts
- substance produced by the chemical bonding of a metal and a non metal
- are neutral (not acidic or basic)
- conducts electricity (as electrolytic solution)
- do not react with metals
- do not affect litmus paper
how do you identify an acid?
- acids contain a positive hydrogen ion (H+) in the formula
- C and H only are not acids, they are hydrocarbons
- exception is NH3, it is a base
how do you identify a base
- usually conatin a negative hydroxide ion (OH-) in the formula
- CH3COOH or C2H4O2 is an exception, it is an acid
how do you recognize a salt
look for a non metal and a metal
the ph of a solution is …
an indication of the concnetraion of H+ ions in that solution
what does PH mean?
- “the power of Hydrogen” or “potential of Hydrogen”
describe acidic vs basic solutions
- acidic solutions have a ph of acids less than 7, while bases have a ph of greater than 7
- there will be more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions in an acidic solution while in a basic solution there are more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
what is another word for basic?
alkaline
what ph does neutral have
7
red litmus paper is associated with what solutions
acidic
blue litmus paper is associated with what solutions
basic\alkaline
explain the logarithmic scale
- each unit on the scale represents a factor of 10
- so a ph of 4 is 10000 H+ or 1.0 x 10(-4)
- ph = -log(molar concentration)
- molar concentration of the hydrogen ions so mol/L
acid-base neutralization is a kind of ….
chemical reaction
how do you achieve a neutralization?
when an acid and a base are mixed to the point where the number of H+ and OH- ions become equal
what do you get when you mix an acid and a base?
water and salt
neutralization reactions are always…. with…
double displacement reactions, one of the products ALWAYS being water and the other salt
how do you write out an acid-base neutralization reaction?
- use up the H’s and O’s by making water (h20)
- then for the remaining ions make salt (by using the peridoic table adn looking at the metal and non-metal)
- then balance the equation if needed
what is a buffering capacity?
- the capactiy a solution (like soil) has to stay as basic as possible even when undergoing certain condiitons (like acid rain)
what are the types of motion? and their abbreviation
- Translation left to right and right to left (Tx)
- Translation top to bottom or bottom to top (Ty)
- Translation back to front or front to back (Tz)
- Rotation around the X axis (Rx)
- Rotation around the Y axis (Ry)
- Rotation around the Z axis (Rz)
how many degrees of freedom are there?
6
Give 3 examples total for translation motions (make them each different kinds)
- Tx window
- Ty hand sanitizer pump
- Tz drawer
Give 3 examples total for rotation motions (make them each different kinds)
- Rx light switches
- Ry opening a waterbottle
- Rz door handle
What is the 1st question to ask for links? and what does it answer
- Do the parts require something else to hold them together?
no = direct
yes = indirect
when a link is direct is it automatically what?
RIGID
What is the 2nd question to ask for links? and what does it answer
- is the material linking the parts together flexible?
no = rigid (screw)
yes = elastic (spring holds it together)
What is the 3rd question to ask for links? and what does it answer
- Can the object be taken apart wihout causing damage to the pieces?
no = permanent (nail)
yes = removeable (screw)
What is the 4th question to ask for links? and what does it answer
- Is movement possible betweeen the two parts?
no = complete
yes = partial
what is transational guiding?
ensures the straight-line motion of moving parts
what is rotational guiding?
ensures the roational motion of moving parts
what is helical guiding?
ensures the transational motion of a moving part while it rotates about the same axis
who am i ?
the mechanical function performed by a component that controls the motion of one or more moving parts
guiding
who am i
the phenomenon by which two surfaces tend to remain in contact wih each other without slipping
Adhesion
who am i
a force that resists the slipping of one moving part over another
friction
