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G9 + 10 physics > unit 4 - electricity > Flashcards

unit 4 - electricity Flashcards

1
Q

When do we get a shock?

A

When accumulated charges present within our body leave our body

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2
Q

Electrical field features, defiantion, SI unit, formula

A

Amount of force expirienced per unit positive charge

Region around a charged body in which its effect can be felt by other charged bodies

Vector quantity
SI unit = NC^-1
Formula = E = F/q
The direction of the electricial feidl is radially inward for negative charges and radially outward for positive charges
The field lines are always perpendicular to the surface

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3
Q

Coulombs law of electrostatics defination and also known as?

A

The electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between 2 point charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

aka Inverse Square Law

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4
Q

Coulombs law final equation with constant

A

F = k (q_1 * q_2)/r^2

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5
Q

What is coulombs constant?

A

Represented with K
Constant:
Value in free space/air/vacuum = 9 * 10^9
Dependent on medium and changes with each medium

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6
Q

Properties of charges

A
  1. There are 2 types of charges (+ve and -ve)
  2. Like charges repel, opposites attract
  3. Quantization of charge
  4. Law of conservation of charge
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7
Q

What is law of conservation of charge

A

Charge can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred from one body to another

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8
Q

What is quantization of charge and formula

A

The net charge acting on a body is always an integral multiple of the elementary charge

Q = ± n * e
Q = net charge
n = integer/no. of electrons being transferred
e = elemntary charge

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9
Q

What is the elementary charge

A

Constant
represented with e
Least amount of charge that could be present on a stable body
Value = 1.60 * 10^-19 C

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10
Q

Transfer of charge through friction

A

Obstructs relative motion, generating heat between two bodies being rubbed, allowing the free electrons to gain enough energy to get ejected to a different body. With enough energy, the electrons can jump from one body to another allowing for flow of charge

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11
Q

transfer of charge through induction

A

The process of charging a neutral body by bringing it near another charged object, but there is no physical contact between the two

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12
Q

What happens to charges within a neutral body in induction

A

The charges get redistributed due to the influence of a charged object

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13
Q

Transfer of charge through conduction

A

The process of charging a body which involves direct physical contact between the neutral and charged objects, allowing for charge to flow between the objects

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14
Q

Electrons within insulators

A

Tightly held together with the atom and are not free to move around although they can be transferred by rubbing

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15
Q

Earthing

A

The process of electrons flowing from a charged body onto the earths ground

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16
Q

Potential at a point Formula and SI unit

A

Amount of work done per unit positive test charge in moving a small charge from infinity to that point

V = W/q

Si unit = volt

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17
Q

Charge will flow from where to where

A

From a point at higher potential to a point at lower potential by itslef

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18
Q

2 general statements about point charges closer to positive and negative sources

A

Points closer to a +ve source charge will be at a higher potential
Point closer to a -ve source charge will be at a lower potential

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19
Q

Current

A

Rate of flow of charge

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20
Q

Current flow is dependant on?

A

Potential difference, higher potential difference means a higher current

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21
Q

Formula for current and si unit

A

I = q/t

Si unit - Ampere

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22
Q

Ohms law and formula

A

For all external conditions such as temperature remaining constant, the current flowing is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across the 2 ends

V = IR

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23
Q

How does graph of OHms law look like

A

Y axis = Voltage
X axis = Current
Slope = Resistance

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24
Q

Conventional current flow

A

Flows from positive terminal (high potential) to a negative terminal (low potential). Always opposite the flow of electrons

25
Ohmic conductor w/ examples
Those conductors which obey ohms law like iron copper and gold
26
non ohmic conductors with examples
Those conductors which do not obey ohms law like tungsten
27
Resistance
Property of material because of which it opposes and restricts free flow of charge
28
Reason behind Resistance
Collisions of charged particles between free electrons and free electrons or collision with positive ions
29
Factors affecting resistance
Temperature, Cross-sectional area, Length of wire, material of the wire
30
How does cross-sectional area affect resistance?
Inversely proportional, as area increase, resistance decreases
31
How does length of the wire affect the resistance?
Resistance is directly proportional to length as length increases, resistance also increase. This is because electrons travel, the more collisions they will have.
32
resistivity main defination
Resistance offered by a resistor of unit length and unit cross secttional area
33
resistivity basic defination
Different materials offer different resistance because of a property, and that is resistivity. It converts the qualitative and uncertain data of temperature and material of resistor and converts it into measurable qualitative data
34
Electrical energy, defination and formula and use
Energy that is a result of movement of charged particles Formula = VIt V = voltage, I = current, t = time Some appliances tores energy within the chemical store of cells and batteries such as mobile phone Other use transform the electrical energy from the main supply into a useful form of energy Symbol = E
35
Electrical power and si unit
Amount of electrical energy consumed per unit time si unit = watt
36
4 equations of electrical power
P = E/t (electrical energy/time) P = V * I (Voltage * current) P = I^2 * R (Current^2 * resistance) P = V^2/r (voltage^2/resistance)
37
1 watt electric power
If 1 joule of electrical energy is consumed by a device in 1 second, the electric power of that device is said to be 1 watt
38
Ideal ammeter value and why
0 ohms, since its in series with resistor, it should have no impact on the circuit and should just measure the exact amount of current flowing
39
Ideal voltmeter value and why
Infinite ohms, to ensure that no current can flow in the voltmeter since its parallel with the resistor and it can merely tap into the circuit to measure the voltage without disturbing the current flowing
40
Ammeter and voltmeter connected how? (in parallel or series)
Ammeter - Series Voltmeter - Parallel
41
Current flowing in series and parallel acorss resistors
Series = Same Parallel = Not same as multiple paths for current to travel
42
Potential difference in series and parallel across resistors
Series = Different Parallel = Same and is equal to the voltage given by the power source
43
Potential difference (V) formula
V = W/q Work done/charge
44
Charging body from neutral to -ve using conduction
Bring a negatuvely charged object in contact with a neutral object and the electrons from the negatively charged object will flow onto the neutral as the protons in the nuetral will atrract them
45
Changing a body from neutral to +ve using conduction
Touch a +ve charged object with the neutral object attracting its electrons. Then electrons will flow onto the rod leaving the sphere with a positive charge.
46
Why does a higher resistance mean a higher temperature being produced within the resistor?
Because more resistance means more collisions, and hence when the particles collide, they will release their kinetic energy in the form of heat energy to the atoms in the wire, and hence the resistance wire is heated. This is known as the heating effect of current
47
Best resistor (ideal for heating effect of current)
Nickel, Tungsten
48
RQ for coulombs law
How does changing the distance between 2 point charges affect its force of attraction/repulsion, keeping the charge present on both test charges and the medium of experiment constant throughout?
49
RQ for heating effect of current
How does a change in the mass of (object/specific heat capacity) affect the time it takes for it to heat from 25° to 35°, keeping the power rating of the heating element constant throughout?
50
RQ for series/parallel circuit
RQ: How does changing the number of resistors affect the current flowing in a series/parallel circuit for a constant voltage supplied, the resistance of the resistors, temperature, material, cross-sectional area, and length of the resistors?
51
How does increasing the potential difference affect the current
The strength of the electric field increases as you see an increase in the potential difference. This causes electrons to get a stronger push from the -ve terminal due to like charges repelling and the electrons will have a higher attraction to the positive terminal
52
Key points for Parallel circuit combinagtion
The voltage across all the resistors is the same The net current in the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual currents the reciprocal of the net resistance is equal to the reciprocal of the individual resistors The net resistance is always less than any of the resistors in the combination
53
Key points for series circuit combination
The net voltage across the circuit is the sum of the voltage at individual resistors The current flowing through each resistor is the same The net resistance is the sum of the individual resistors The net resistance is always greater than any of the resistor in the circuit
54
Joules law of heating
The heat energy generated by an electrical conductor is directly proportional to its resistance and square of the electric current passing through the conductor with time
55
Formulas for Joules law of heating + mc∆t
I^2Rt = mc∆t V^2/R = mc∆t VIt = mc∆t
56
Infinity defination with context to potential at a point
Any point beyond the electrical fiedl of the source charge
57
Potential difference defiantion
Difference in electric potential between 2 points Aka Voltage
58
2 or more resistors are said to be in series combination if...
the current flowing through each of them is the same
59
2 or more reistsors are said to be in parallel combination if...
the current flowing has multiple paths to travel in

G9 + 10 physics (8 decks)

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