UNIT 4: Directing and Supervising Flashcards
It is the act of watching & directing work & workers
Supervision
It is defined as the overseeing the work of subordinates and is done by their superiors
Supervision
It is defined as the ways and means
Directing
It is done to encourage all personnel
Directing
It is done to accomplish all assignments
Directing
It must be written, comprehensive, current, clearly stated and reinforced by discussion and example
Directing
It entails responsibility in assuming that policies and procedures are followed
Supervision
Direction or Supervision?
It include motivation, communication, supervision, training & leadership
Direction
Direction or Supervision?
It is generally at top level
Direction
Direction or Supervision?
Generally, it is related to supervision which is the intermediate link between the workers and management
Direction
Direction or Supervision?
It being at the top level, formulates polices and takes important decision
Direction
Direction or Supervision?
It is responsible for financial & non financial incentives
Direction
Direction or Supervision?
It leads the efforts of medium and lower level executives
Direction
Direction or Supervision?
It covers a wide range of authority
Direction
Direction or Supervision?
It covers a narrow range of authority
Supervision
Direction or Supervision?
It is only one of the elements of direction
Supervision
Direction or Supervision?
t is restricted to the lower level management
Supervision
Direction or Supervision?
It is for implementation at the lower level only
Supervision
Direction or Supervision?
A person in charge for this has to deal, guide and lead workers directly under his commands
Supervision
Direction or Supervision?
It cannot provide incentives but it can only recommend rewards in special case
Supervision
Direction or Supervision?
Efforts of employee under his commands
Supervision
What are the 6 different types of Contemporary Leadership?
- Level 5 leadership
- Servant leadership
- Authentic leadership
- Interactive leadership
- Charismatic leadership
- Transformational leadership
Under the Level 5 Hierarchy, it is the level that builds excellence through dedication and humility
Level 5
Under the Level 5 Hierarchy, it is the level that stimulates high standards and champions dedication to vision
Effective
Under the Level 5 Hierarchy, it is the level that manages team members and assets to reach set objectives
Competent
Under the Level 5 Hierarchy, it is the level that contributes individually and works well in group
Contributing
Under the Level 5 Hierarchy, it is the level that contributes talent, skills, knowledge
Capable
It is the type of leader that transcends self-interest to serve others, the organization, and society
Servant Leadership
Servant leaders operate on 2 levels, what are those?
- fulfillment of their subordinates’ goals and needs
- realization of the larger purpose or mission of their organization
This type of leader give things away such as power, ideas, information, recognition, credit for accomplishments, even money.
Servant Leadership
This type of leaders are individuals who know and understand
themselves
Authentic Leadership
This type of leaders are the ones who espouse and act consistent with higher-order ethical values
Authentic Leadership
This type of leaders are the ones who empower and inspire others with their openness and authenticity
Authentic Leadership
To be authentic means being ____
real
It is staying true to one’s values and beliefs, and acting based on one’s true self rather than emulating what others do
being authentic
________ leader inspire trust and commitment because they respect diverse viewpoints, encourage collaboration, and help others learn, grow, and develop as leaders
authentic
What are the components of an authentic leader?
- practices solid values
- connects with others
- purues purpose with passion
- leads with the heart as well as the head
- demonstrates self-discipline
It is a type of leadership that favors a consensual and collaborative process
Interactive Leadership
It is a type of leadership derives its influence from relationships rather than position power and formal authority
Interactive Leadership
It is a type of leadership style that is characterized by values such as inclusion, collaboration, relationship building, and caring
Interactive Leadership
Although _________ leadership is associated with women’s style of leading, both men and women can be effective _________ leaders
Interactive leadership
It is a type of leadership that has the ability to inspire and motivate people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice
Charismatic leader
It is referred to as “a fire that ignites followers’ energy and commitment producing results above and beyond the call of duty
Charisma
In a ________ leadership, followers are willing to put aside their own interests for the sake of the team, department, or organization
Charismatic leadership
_________ leaders tend to be less predictable because they create an atmosphere of change, and they may be obsessed by visionary ideas that excite, stimulate, and drive other people to work hard
Charismatic
The impact of charismatic leaders normally comes from what?
- stating a lofty vision of an imagined future
- displaying an ability to understand & empathize w followers
- empowering & trusting subordinates to accomplish results
________ leaders are similar to charismatic leaders, but they are distinguished by their special ability to bring about innovation and change
Transformational leader
This type of leader brings change by:
- recognizing followers’ needs and concerns
- providing meaning
- challenging people to look at old problems in new ways
- acting as role models for the new values and behaviors
Transformational leaders
This type of leaders inspire followers not just to believe in the leader personally, but to believe in their own potential to imagine and create a better future for the organization.
Transformational leader
True or False?
Transformational leaders create significant change in both followers and the organization.
True
This type of leader has the ability to lead changes in the organization’s mission, strategy, structure, and culture, as well as to promote innovation in products and technologies
Transformational leader
True or False?
Transformational leaders do not rely solely on tangible rules and incentives to control specific transactions with followers.
True
Transformational leaders focus on _______ qualities, such as vision, shared values, and ideas
Intangible
What type of leader is this?
- clarify the role and task requirements of subordinates
- initiate structure
- provide appropriate rewards
- try to be considerate and meet the social needs of their subordinates
Transactional leaders
The _________ leader’s ability to satisfy subordinates may improve productivity
transactional leader
This type of leader excel at management functions
Transactional leader
This type of leader is hardworking, tolerant, and fair-minded and also likes to keep things running smoothly and efficiently
Transactional leader
Transactional leaders often stress the _______ aspects of performance, such as plans, schedules, and budgets
impersonal
They have a sense of commitment to the organization and conform to organizational norms and values
Transactional leaders
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it is the strong desire to control others and the resources
Power motive
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it is being aggressive in dominating any chosen field
Power motive
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it is built through experience and leads courage and faith to subordinates
Self-confidence with humility
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it is defined as the complete lack of ego
Humility
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it is one of the primary leadership attitudes needed and receives a high level of respect when done
Trustworthy and honesty
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it means having good problem-solving skills and combines academic intelligence with practical intelligence
Good intellectual ability, knowledge, and technical competence
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it faces challenges with energy and positivity
Optimism and positivity
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it is having a sense of humor and always smiles
Likable
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it is having self-control, inner calm, and outer resolve
Discipline
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, it is the ability to understand one’s emotions and those of the people around him
Emotional intelligence
Under the 10 characteristics of a leader, he or she listens first then speak second
Good listener
It is a type of leadership that:
- centralizes authority
- dictates work methods
- makes unilateral decisions
- limits employee participation
Autocratic leadership
It is a one person authority and the decisions will be quick and similar –> project an image of a confident, well managed business
Autocratic leadership
In this leadership style, subordinates may become dependent upon the leaders and supervision may be needed
Autocratic leadership
This leadership style can decrease motivation and increase staff turnover (resigning)
Autocratic leadership
It is a leadership style that
- involves employees in decision making
- delegates authority
- encourages participation in deciding work methods & goals
- uses feedback to coach employees
Democratic leadership
This leadership style can be particularly useful when complex decisions need to be made that require a range of specialist skills
Democratic leadership
This leadership style provides job satisfaction and quality of work will improve
Democratic leadership
In this leadership style, decision-making process is severely slowed down
Democratic leadership
This leadership style delegates much authority to employees
Laissez-faire (free-rein)
In this leadership style, the leader’s role is peripheral and staff manage their own areas of the business
Laissez-faire (free-rein)
This leadership style brings out the best in highly professional and creative groups of employees
Laissez-faire (free-rein)
This leadership style evades the duties of management and uncoordinated delegation occurs
Laissez-faire (free-rein)
This leadership style leads to a lack of staff focus and sense of direction, thus leads to much dissatisfaction, and a poor company image
Laissez-faire (free-rein)
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To formulate and document policies and procedures that are constantly current and relevant effective pursuit of laboratory goals
Leadership Responsibility
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To effectively communicate these plans to all personnel
Leadership Responsibility
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To provide efficient means for assuring compliance with policies and procedures
Leadership Responsibility
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To encourage free flow and exchange of ideas through all levels of the organization
Leadership Responsibility
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To assure an awareness by all personnel of current trends and practices in the delivery of hospital laboratory services
Leadership Responsibility
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To develop and maintain effective relations with the medical staff and hospital administration for assuring an open exchange of the needs and concerns of all parties
Leadership Responsibility
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To develop and constantly update all laboratory procedures and policies by preparation of appropriate manual.
Leadership Method
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To schedule and conduct periodic meetings with the staff for discussion and review of policies and procedures
Leadership Method
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To delegate the responsibility for efficiently monitoring compliance with policies and procedures.
Leadership Method
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To conduct periodic meeting with the laboratory staff to encourage innovative thinking and improvement in services
Leadership Method
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To fully support and generously budget for a meaningful laboratory continuing program.
Leadership Method
Leadership Responsibility or Method?
To assure awareness of the laboratory mission by requiring that appropriate personnel attend all hospital and medical staff meeting that call for laboratory representation
Leadership Method
What personal characteristics of leaders has these characteristics:
- energy
- physical stamina
Physical characteristics
What personal characteristics of leaders has these characteristics:
- self-confidence
- honesty & integrity
- optimism
- desire to lead
- independence
Personality
What personal characteristics of leaders has these characteristics:
- achievement drive
- desire to excel
- persistence against obstacles
- tenacity
- conscientiousness in pursuit
work-related characteristics
What personal characteristics of leaders has these characteristics:
- intelligence, cognitive ability
- knowledge
- judgement, decisiveness
intelligence and ability
What personal characteristics of leaders has these characteristics:
- sociability, interpersonal skills
- cooperativeness
- ability to enlist cooperation
- tact, diplomacy
social characteristics
What personal characteristics of leaders has these characteristics:
- education
- mobility
social background
In the leadership/managerial grid, it is classified as the concern for the feelings, needs, personal interest, problems, and well-being of followers
Concern for people
In the leadership/managerial grid, it is classified as the concern about the activities designed to accomplish group goals such as organizational tasks, assigning responsibilities and establishing performance standards
Concern for Production
Leader or Manager?
- Focus on the organization
- rational
- maintains stability
- assigns tasks
- organizes
- analyzes
- position power
Manager qualities
Leader or Manager?
- focus on people
- visionary
- promotes change
- defines purpose
- nurtures
- innovates
- personal power
Leader qualities
This leadership model has 4 quadrants and is a flexible framework that enables leaders to tailor their approach to the needs of their team or individual members
Situational leadership model
It is a group made up of geographically or organizationally dispersed members who are linked primarily through advanced information and telecommunications technologies
Virtual Team (Virtual Team leadership model)
It can be local, national, or global, with members coming from one firm or many
virtual team
This model invlolves 5 stages namely:
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
- Adjourning
Stages of Team Development in Directing Model
Under team development in directing, it is the stage of orientation and getting acquainted
Forming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage of members breaking the ice and testing one another for friendship possibilities and task orientation
Forming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage of uncertainty and members usually accept what- ever power or authority is offered by either formal or informal leaders
Forming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where individual personalities emerge
Storming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where people become more assertive in clarifying their roles and what is expected of them
Storming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where it is marked by conflict and disagreement
Storming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where members may jockey for position, and coalitions or subgroups based on common interests may form
Storming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where conflict is resolved and team harmony and unity emerge
Norming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where consensus develops on who has the power, who the leaders are, and what the various members’ roles are
Norming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where the team leader should emphasize unity within the team and help to clarify team norms and values
Norming Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where the major emphasis is on problem solving and accomplishing the assigned tasks
Performing Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where members are committed to the team’s mission
Performing Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where members are coordinated with one another and handle disagreements in a mature way
Performing Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where members confront and resolve problems in the interest of task accomplishment
Performing Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where it occurs in committees and teams that have a limited task to perform and are disbanded afterward
Adjourning Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where the emphasis is on wrap- ping up
and gearing down
Adjourning Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where task performance is no longer a top priority
Adjourning Stage
Under team development in directing, it is the stage where members may feel heightened emotionality, strong cohesiveness, and depression or regret over the team’s disbanding
Adjourning Stage
It is a style that reflects assertiveness to get one’s own way and should be used
- when quick, decisive action is vital on important issues or unpopular actions, such as during emergencies or urgent cost cutting requirements
Dominating style (my way)
It is a style that reflects a moderate amount of both assertiveness and cooperativeness
Compromising style (halfway)
It is a style that is appropriate when:
- the goals on both sides are equally important
- when opponents have equal power and both sides want to split the difference
- when people need to arrive at temporary or expedient solutions under time pressure
Compromising style (halfway)
It is a style that reflects a high degree of cooperativeness, which works best when:
- people realize that they are wrong
- when an issue is more important to others than to oneself
- when building social credits for use in later discussions
- when maintaining harmony is especially important
Accommodating style (your way)
It is a style that reflects a high degree of both assertiveness and cooperativeness
Collaborating style (our way)
It is a style that enables both parties to win,
although it may require substantial bargaining and negotiation
Collaborating style (our way)
It is a style used:
- when both sets of concerns are too important to be compromised
- when insights from different people need to be merged into an overall solution
- when the commitment of both sides is needed for a consensus
Collaborating style (our way)
It is a style that:
- reflects neither assertiveness nor cooperativeness
- is appropriate when an issue is trivial, when there is no chance of winning, when a delay to gather more information is needed, or when a disruption would be costly
Avoiding style (no way)
