UNIT 2: Planning for Clinical Laboratory Management Flashcards
The basic steps in the management planning process involve creating a road map that outlines each task the company must accomplish to meet its overall objectives
- short term goals
- long term goals
True
It is is the process of assessing an organization’s goals and creating a realistic, detailed plan of action for meeting those goals
Clinical Laboratory management planning
What are the three major process workflow stages?
- Pre-examination or pre-analytical
- Examination or analytical
- Post-examination or post-analytical
What major process workflow stage is this?
- Patient prep
- Sample collection
- Personnel competency test evaluation
- Sample receipt and accessioning
- Sample transport
Pre-examination or Preanalytical
What major process workflow stage is this?
Quality control testing
Examination or Analytical
What major process workflow stage is this?
- Record keeping
- Reporting
Post-examination or post-analytical
This ISO requires the organization to plan, identify, and monitor
- the internal and external issues affecting clinical laboratories
- the interested parties that are relevant to the organization’s purpose and its strategic direction
- and to consider external issues that could impact their business strategy, such as new technology and potential market forces (e.g., social and economic environments, international competition)
ISO 9001:2015
True or False
Planning focuses attention on the objectives of the clinical laboratory
True
True or False
Planning helps in coordinating interdepartmental goals and objectives in the clinical labs
True
It is the planning in the clinical laboratory which considers the entire set of operations that occur in testing of patient samples
The Path of Workflow
The path of workflow begins with the ________ and ends in _______
- begins with patient
- ends in reporting and results interpretation
Quality Management System ensures quality in the many processes and procedures performed in the clinical laboratory including:
- the laboratory environment
- quality control procedures
- communications
- record keeping
- competent and knowledgeable staff
- good-quality reagents and equipmen
What are the 12 areas under the Path of Workflow (recommended by WHO)
- Organization
- Personnel
- Equipment
- Purchasing & Inventory
- Process control
- Information Management
- Documents & Records
- Occurrence management
- Assessment
- Process improvement
- Costumer service
- Facilities and Safety
It is the planning of the structure and management of the laboratory that implements the quality policies ensures quality performance
Organization
It is the diligent planning of the most important laboratory resource (personnel), ensures competent and motivated teams in implementing quality management systems
Personnel
It is the planning of the acquisition and validation of equipment by carefully and properly choosing, and ensuring maintained systems through preventive maintenance programs helps an effective path of workflow
Equipment
It is the planning of reagents and supplies management in the laboratory which can produce cost savings and ensures supplies and reagent availability
Purchasing and Inventory
It is the planning of the process control which ensures quality control for testing, appropriate management of the sample, collection and handling, and method verification and validation
Process controls
It is the planning of the production of the main output of the clinical laboratory (information in the form of test reports) that ensures accuracy, confidentiality, and accessibility of the information which are managed through either paper systems or computers.
Information Management
It is the planning of the creation and storage of documents needed in the laboratory that informs how to do things ensures that documents are accurate, up to date, and accessible
Documents and Records
It is the planning for detecting and managing, detect these problems or occurrences, handling them properly, learning from mistakes and acting so that they do not happen again
Occurrence Management
It is an error or an event
that should not have happened
Occurrence Management
It is a tool for examining laboratory performance and comparing it to standards, benchmarks or the performance of other laboratories.
Assessment
True or False
Planning assessment may be internal (performed within the laboratory using its own staff) or it may be external (conducted by a group or agency outside the laboratory)
True
Planning for continuous improvement of the clinical laboratory processes is a primary goal and must be done in a systematic manner to ensure alignment, effectiveness, and efficiency
Process Improvement
Planning and benchmarking customer service ensures that that the laboratory understand and assess who their customers are and use feedback for making improvements to align with external changes
Customer Services
Planning for management of facilities and safety include:
- Security
- Containment
- Safety
- Ergonomics
Facilities and Safety
It is the process of preventing unwanted risks and hazards from entering the laboratory space
Security
It seeks to minimize risks and prevent hazards from leaving the laboratory space and causing harm to the community.
Containment
It includes policies and procedures to prevent harm to workers, visitors and the community
Safety
It addresses facility and equipment adaptation to allow safe and healthy working conditions at the laboratory site.
Ergonomics
What are the qualities of a good planner?
- Proficiency in the determination of objectives
- Good judgement, imagination, forsight, & experience
- Ability to evaluate laboratory opportunities & hazards
- Ability to accept changes
What are the indicators of poor planning?
- Delivery dates not met
- Idle machines
- Materials wasted
- Some machines doing jobs that should be done by smaller machines
- Some laboratory personnel overworked, some underworked
- Skilled wowrkers doing unskilled work
- Laboratory personnel fumbling on jobs for which they have not been trained
- Quarreling, bickering, buck-passing & confusing
What are the benefits of good planning?
- Jobs turn out on time
- Good relationship with other departments
- People using their highest skills
- Workers know how their jobs fit into the total pattern
- Machines doing their proper jobs
- Equipment in good shape
- Materials available
- Waste kept to a minimum
What does MBO mean?
Management by Objectives
Setting goals and objectives is done through ________
Management by Objectives (MBO)
What are the components under the MBO Process?
- Define organizational goals
- Define employees objectives
- Continuous monitoring performance and Progress
- Performance Evaluation
- Providing feedback
- Performance Appraisal
MBO encourages what
- Discussion
- Interaction
- Truly committed managers and involved employees in the decision-making process
What are the components under the Hierarchy of Plans?
PMOSPRPB
From top to bottom
2. Purpose or Mission
2. Objectives
3. Strategies
4. Policies
5. Rules & Procedures
6. Programmes or projects
7. Budgets
It is the organization’s purpose and philosophy
Mission
It is the ultimate goal towards which the activities of the organization are directed
Objectives
It is a general program of action and deployment of resources
Strategies
It is a general statement or understanding which guide or channel thinking in decision making
Policies
It states a series of related steps or tasks to be performed in a sequential way
Procedures
It prescribes a course of action and explicitly states what is to be done
Rules
It is a comprehensive plan that includes future use of different resources
Programs
It is a statement of expected results expressed in numerical terms
Budgets
What are the 3 types of plans?
- Strategic plans
- Tactical plans
- Operational plans
What type of plan is this?
- it is the identification of the mission and of those objectives
- most efficient pursuit
- long-term goals for the next 5 years
- top managers with final authority and responsibility
Strategic planning
What type of plan is this?
- action and deals with the method(s)
- Short-range – strategy implementation (6 months – 2 years)
- operational or technical skill
- middle managers (supervisory staff)
Tactical planning
- detailed plan
- team, section or department
- Very short-term ( for the next 1 week to 1
year) - Responsibility of First-line managers
Operational planning
True or False
Ensure that patients and patient samples have a common
pathway
False
patients and patient samples should have different pathways
True or False
The design should have different circulation paths between the public and biological materials
True
Reception area for incoming patients should be located as ____ as possible to the entry door
close to the entry door
True or False
Only authorized personnel should have restricted access to rooms where analyses of samples are done, and hazardous chemicals or other materials are stored
True
Access restriction can be accomplished through:
- signs on door
- locks
- identification badges for staff
It is the reception area and sample collection room located at the patient’s entrance
Sample collection Areas
- It is separated from other sections of the laboratory, but is nearby the testing areas
Sample processing areas
- clean and dirty laboratory materials should ________
- contaminated materials should be ___________
- never cross
- isolated
- It is a form of communication system
- It is efficient and reliable
- It is the transferring of messages
Post-examination pathways
What are the laboratories that may be removed from the central area?
- Laboratories with greater turn-around-time (TAT)
- Labs with less volume
- Labs requiring special safety features (Clinical Microbiology and radio-assay laboratories)
Molecular biology needs how many no. of rooms?
2 rooms
Laboratory that has a specific requirement for the location of room are:
- Molecular biology that needs two rooms.
- Fluorescence Microscopy
- Ultraviolet illumination systems for DNA gel photography
True or False
The blood bank and the critical care laboratory procedures should be readily accessible to the emergency room, operating room, and ICU
True
True or False
If the laboratory is serving an in-patient population, accessibility to corridors and elevators providing access to the main patient care unit is essential
True
The intra-laboratory traffic flow must be ________ from the outside
separated
