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AP Psychology > Unit 4: Developmental Psychology (CORE VOCABULARY) > Flashcards

Unit 4: Developmental Psychology (CORE VOCABULARY) Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The behavioral capacities & how behavior changes with age.

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2
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg cell

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3
Q

Embryo

A

Multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination.

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4
Q

Teratogens

A

An agent, such as a virus, a drug, or radiation, that causes malformation of an embryo or fetus.

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5
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

Condition marked by stunted growth of the head and body; malformations of the face, heart, and ears; and nervous system damage, including seizures, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and mental retardation.

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6
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

reflex consisting of head-turning and sucking movements elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth or cheek.

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7
Q

Maturation

A

The process of growing up into adulthood.

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8
Q

Habituation

A

Decrease in a person’s response to a stimulus after it has been presented repeatedly.

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9
Q

Piaget’s stages of Cognitive Development:…..

A

Sensimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.

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10
Q

Sensimotor

A

1st stage- Primarily learning through putting stuff in your mouth & feeling it with hands. (0-2 yrs)

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11
Q

Preoperational

A

2nd Stage- No concept of conversation or object permanence. (2-7 yrs)

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12
Q

Concrete operational

A

Ability to deal with the properties of concrete objects but not hypothetical or abstract questions (7-11 yrs)

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13
Q

Formal operational

A

The mental processes that deal with abstract, hypothetical situations. THese processes demand logical, deductive reasoning and systematic planning. (11+ yrs)

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14
Q

Schema

A

An organized way of interacting in the world based on what you ALREADY know.

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15
Q

Assimilation

A

Old schema to new objects.

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16
Q

Accomodation

A

MODIFYING past experiences. Child becomes aware that living things that move, cannot be living and still be moving.

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17
Q

Equilibration

A

Ability to use both sensory motor and pre-operational to make meaning of ALL new experiences.

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18
Q

Object Permanence

A

“Peek-a-boo”. Ability to know something exists even when you can’t see it.

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19
Q

Conservation

A

Ability to tell volume of an object in parts to the whole.

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20
Q

Egocentrism

A

Inability to take the perspective of another person; a tendency to view the world as entered around oneself.

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21
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

Close to your mother. Cannot be left alone.

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22
Q

Attachment

A

Long-term feeling of closeness between people, such as a child and a caregiver.

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23
Q

Self Concept

A

As children progress through the sensorimotor stage of development, they appear to gain some concept of “self.”

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24
Q

Adolescence

A

When the body reaches puberty.

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25
Q

Puberty

A

The onset of sexual maturation.

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26
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

Genitals and organs of reproduction.

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27
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

Appear during puberty.

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28
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of MORAL reasoning:….

A

Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional

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29
Q

Preconventional

A

Morality is determined by sheer power of outside authority. (0-6 yrs)

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30
Q

Conventional

A

Expectations of OTHERS drives decisions on what is right & wrong. What society expects. (7-11 yrs.)

31
Q

Postconventional

A

Doing what is right because it’s the “right” thing to do. (11+ yrs)

32
Q

Identity

A

Personality. Who YOU are.

33
Q

Menopause

A

Menstruations stops for women.

34
Q

Life Expectancy

A

The average age of death, or the expectancy of your death.

35
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

One of the cognitive changes, due to brain plaque.

36
Q

“Social Clock”

A

“My clock is clicking”

37
Q

“Biological Clock”

A

Women’s time of ending of menopause.

38
Q

Thanatology

A

Study of death.

39
Q

Identical Twins Vs. Fraternal Twins

A

Develop from same fertilized egg (monozygotic) vs. twins who develop from two eggs (dizygotic) fertilized by two different sperm

40
Q

Sex Linked Genes

A

Gene located on the X chromosome

41
Q

Heritability

A

Estimate of the variance within a population that is due to heredity. The likeness of behavior are genetic.

42
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Inherited disorder in which a person lacks the chemical reactions that convert a nutrient called phenylalanine into other chemicals; unless the diet is carefully controlled, the affected person will become mentally retarded.

43
Q

Moral Dilemmas

A

Problem that pits one moral value against another.

44
Q

Issues with Identity

A

Adolescents have to IDENTIFY with many groups such as family, peers, religious groups, sports teams, school groups, etc.

45
Q

Identity Crisis

A

Concerns with decisions about the future and quest for self-understanding.

46
Q

Identity Diffusion

A

Experiment with many roles, not required to make a choice.

47
Q

Identity Foreclosure

A

Passive acceptance of a role as defined by a parent or other family member.

48
Q

Identity Achievement

A

Makes a decision about who they are but is flexible about the future and changes that may occur.

49
Q

Terror Management Theory

A

Coping with our fear of death by avoiding thinking about death and by affirming a worldview that provides self esteem, hope, and value in life.

50
Q

Parenting Styles:….

A

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Indifferent

51
Q

Authoritative

A

Parents keep control, but allow the child to have some decision making. Punishments are usually explained are why the were imposed.

52
Q

Authoritarian

A

Parents impose rules and expect obedience or nothing.

53
Q

Permissive

A

Parents are controlled by their children. They make few demands or impose few rules.

54
Q

Indifferent

A

Parents who pay little attention to their children.

55
Q

Acculturation

A

Transition from feeling part of the culture of one’s original country to the culture of the country that one enters.

56
Q

Biculturalism

A

Ability to alternate between membership in one culture and membership in another.

57
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

What you’re “Born” with vs. How you “Develop” after you’re born.

58
Q

Conception and Gestation:…

A

Nutrition, drug, illness influences

59
Q

Gilligan’s stages of Moral development

A

Same as Kohlberg’s. HOWEVER, believed girls reached a higher level of morality EARLIER than boys.

60
Q

Levels of Intimacy as people mature

A

Becomes less

61
Q

Cognitive changes as people age

A
  1. Memory loss
  2. Alzheimer’s Disease
  3. Amygdala becomes slower
62
Q

Sex and Gender socialization as people mature

A

Start to spread more apart from each other.

63
Q

Freud’s stages of psychosocial development

A

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

64
Q

Oral

A

Pleasure centers in the mouth

65
Q

Anal

A

Pleasure focuses on the bowel and bladder

66
Q

Phallic

A

Pleasure derived from genitals

67
Q

Latency

A

Dormancy

68
Q

Genital

A

Maturation of sexual interests.

69
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

Studied a procedure of a mother and her infant in a room while a stranger comes in and the mother leaves.

70
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Believed we learn many behaviors before we try them the first time.

71
Q

Erick Erickson

A

Divided the human lifespan into eight periods that he variously called ages or stages.

72
Q

Harry Harlow

A

Studied the reactions of a monkey growing up in a cage alone with a stuffed warm monkey and a metal monkey with food.

73
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

Discovered IMPRINTING.

74
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

Said every child has a “zone of proximal development” in which the child is ready to learn a new concept that is neither to difficult or too easy.
Ner should be taught things they ALREADY KNOW.

AP Psychology (7 decks)

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