Unit 1: History and Approaches Flashcards
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Empiricism
Knowledge gained by doing research.
Structuralism
An attempt to describe the structures that compose the mind.
Functionalism
An attempt to understand how mental processes produce useful behaviors.
Humanistic Psychology
approach to psychology advocated by some that emphasizes feelings and emotions and the better understanding of the self in terms of observation of oneself and one’s relations with others
Nature Vs. Nurture
THe question of the relative roles played by heredity (nature) in determining differences in behavior.
Natural selection
The process in nature by which, according to Darwin’s theory of evolution, argued humans and other species share a remote common ancestor.
Biopsychosocial Approach
To understand behavior. The approach encompasses (1) biological, (2) psychological, and (3) socio-cultural influences.
Neuroscience Approach
Behavior/Genetics approach
John B. Watson created the approach, concentrates on observable, measurable behaviors. (Non-mental)
Psychodynamic Approach
Physical properties of stimulus.
Cognitive Approach
Thinking and inquiring knowledge.
Socioculture Approach
Individual influences to others
Basic research
used to explore the fundamental bases of behavior, without regard to how those bases are manifested in the real world.
Applied research
aims to address and answer real-world problems.
Mary Whiton Calkins
Best graduate student in Harvard psychology, however, was denied a PhD because she was a woman. (One of 1st women in U.S psychology)
Charles Darwin (1859-1871)
Argued that humans and other species share a remote common ancestor.
Dorothea Dix
Created the first American mental asylums
Sigmund Freud
Persuasive speaker and writer, popularized psychotherapy by analyzing patients’ dreams and memories.
Stanley Hall
Focused on childhood development and evolutionary theory.
William James
Started functionalism
Ivan Pavlov
Won Nobel Prize in physiology in 1904 for his research on digestion.
Jean Piaget
Theorist, concluded that children and adults use qualitatively different thought processes.
Carl Rogers
Among the founders of humanistic approach to psychology.
BF Skinner
One of the leaders of behaviorism.
Margaret Floy Washburn
Behaviorist, 1st woman granted a PhD in psychology. Wrote “Animal Mind”
John B. Watson
Known as the founder of behaviorism, systemazied the approach.
Wilhelm Wundt
Set up the first pyschology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. HIs broad interests ranged from the physiology of the sense of organs to cultural differences.
