UNIT 4. CONSONANTS Flashcards
__________ is a speech sound that is articulated with a complete or partial closure of the vocal tract.
Consonant
________ is the movement of the articulators - tongue, lips, jaw, and others - in order to produce speech sounds.
Articulation
(also called stops )
(voiced) / b /, / d /, / g / as in bank, day, get
(voiceless) / p /, / t /, / k / as in pen, tile, kite
Plosives
/m/, /n/, / ŋ / as in man , night, singer
Nasals
(combination of stops and fricatives)
/ tʃ/, as in chicken, child, church ,
/ dʒ /, as in just, large, gender
Affricates
/f/ , / v/ ,/ θ/, / ð/, / z/, / s/, / ʃ/,/ ʒ/,/ h/ full, voice, think, those, zip, sun, shadow, pleasure, hall
Fricatives
/ l / as in leg, little, pollution
Laterals
(semivowels)
/ w /, / y /, / r / as in well, white, way, yes, you, rare, risk, parrot
Approximants
these sounds differ in their phonetic features: they have different places of articulation since /b/ has a bilabial stop sound, and / v / is labiodental fricative.
/ b / and / v /
(sometimes known as a consonant blend ) refers to two or more consonants grouped together in a word, which are pronounced with no vowels between them.
Consonant cluster
the use of stress in speech helps us both deliver and understand meaning in longer utterances and it’s closely linked with __________
Intonation
This term defines any meaningful stretch of language
Discourse
Utterances are made up of syllables and the syllables where the main pitch movement in the utterance occurs are called ____________.
Tonic syllables
The syllables that estabilish a pitch that stays constant up to the tonic syllable are called____________.
Onset Syllables
The main movements of pitch, within a tone unit, are called________.
Tones
Another way of looking at intonation is to consider how it varies according to the speaker’s _________ towards a situation.
Attitude
These are phrases which we use in ordinary, everyday communication, but which have the characteristic that they lose their meaning if broken down and analysed.
Lexical Phrases
It refers to a stretch of meaningul language.
It examines how the stresses we make, and the tone we employ when speaking, relate to utterances to the surrounding language.
Discourse
The most basic intonation choice is between what are known as _________ tones and _____________ tones. The two most frequently used tones in English are the ______ and the ________.
Referring.
Proclaiming.
Fall
Fall-Rise
A falling tone is called _________ tone, and the fall-rise is a _________ tone.
proclaiming
referring
The constant pitch is also called ______.
key
It refers to the way the voice goes up and down in pitch when we are speaking.
Intonation
