UNIT 1. THE DESCRIPTION OF SPEECH

Question 1

What does the following description refer to?

It is defined as the scientific study of human language by focusing on it from several perspectives as its grammatical, morphological, lexical and sound systems.

Answer 1

Linguistics

Question 2

What are the main branches of Linguistics

Answer 2

Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics

Question 3

What does the following description refer to?

It studies sounds

Answer 3

Phonetics

Question 4

What does the following description refer to?

It studies the sound system of particular human languages.

Answer 4

Phonology

Question 5

What does the following description refer to?

It studies the formation of words from smaller units of meaning called morphemes

Answer 5

Morphology

Question 6

What does the following description refer to?

It deals with the rules that govern the formation of phrases, clauses and sentences.

Answer 6

Syntax

Question 7

What does the following description refer to?

It deals with the relationship between language use and society.

Answer 7

Pragmatics

Question 8

What does the following description refer to?

It is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds like: their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception, and neurophysiological status.

Answer 8

Phonetics

Question 9

What does the following description refer to?

is concerned with the abstract, grammatical characterization of systems of sounds. It deals with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages, but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word (including pitch and rhyme, articulatory features, etc.) or at all levels of language where sound is considered to be structured in order to convey linguistic meaning.

Answer 9

Phonology

Question 10

What do the following items refer to?

Phonemes - Suprasegmental Features

Answer 10

Features of pronunciation

Question 11

What do the following items refer to?

Consonants and vowels

Answer 11

Phonemes

Question 12

What do the following items refer to?

Voiced and Unvoiced

Answer 12

Consonants

Question 13

What do the following items refer to?

Singles Vowels - Diphthongs

Answer 13

Vowels

Question 14

What do the following items refer to?

Short and Long

Answer 14

Single Vowels

Question 15

What do the following items refer to?

Intonation and Stress

Answer 15

Suprasegmental features

Question 16

What do the following items refer to?

Word Stress and Sentence Stress

Answer 16

Stress

Question 17

What does the following description refer to?

are speech sounds as they are perceived, that is to say, it is pronunciation

Answer 17

Phonemes

Question 18

What does the following description refer to?

is a perceived unit of language that signals a difference in meaning when contrasted to another phoneme

Answer 18

Phoneme

Question 19

What does the following description refer to?

Are different sounds within a language.

Answer 19

Phonemes

Question 20

What does the following description refer to?

They occur when the vocal cords in the larynx are vibrated. If you are producing an unvoiced sound, you will feel a vibration. If you are producing an unvoiced sound (voiceless), you will not.

Answer 20

Voice or Unvoiced sound

Question 21

What does the following description refer to?

Vowel sounds are all voiced, and may be single (like /e/, as in /let/), or a combination, involving a movement from one vowel sound to another (/ei/ as in Late), such combination are know as __________

Answer 21

Diphthongs

Question 22

What does the following description refer to?

This term is used to describe the combination of three vowel sounds (like /aʊə/ in our and power)

Answer 22

Triphthongs

Question 23

What does the following descritpion refer to?

There are 20 vowels and 24 consonants.

Answer 23

Spoken English

Question 24

Complete the information:

Phonemes are units of sound that we can analyse. They also know as _______.

Answer 24

Segments

Question 25

What does the following description refer to? Are features of speech which generally apply to groups of segments, or phonemes.

Answer 25

Suprasegmental Features

Question 26

What does the following description refer to? has a Greek origin (diphthongs ), and means “two sounds” or “two tones”.

Answer 26

diphthong

Question 27

What does the following description refer to? A diphthong is also called a _______ since it refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable.

Answer 27

gliding vowel

Question 28

Complete the information: (or semivowel) is a sound, such as English / w/ or /y/, that is phonetically similar to a vowel sound but functions as the syllable boundary rather than as the nucleus a syllable

Answer 28

glide

Question 29

What does the following description refer to? is a compound vowel sound resulting from the succession of three simple vowel sounds and functions as one unit.

Answer 29

Triphthong

Question 30

What does the following description refer to? It also has a Greek origin and means “with three sounds,” or “with three tones”. It is characterized by a vowel combination involving a quick, but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another.

Answer 30

Triphthong

Question 31

What does the following description refer to? refers to the manner speech sounds function and how they are affected at the sentence and discourse levels; that is to say, over multiple sound segments that combine to make phrases, clauses, and sentences

Answer 31

Suprasegmental

Question 32

What does the following description refer to? refers to the manner speech sounds function and how they are affected at the sentence and discourse levels; that is to say, over multiple sound segments that combine to make phrases, clauses, and sentences

Answer 32

Suprasegmental

Question 33

What are the suprasegmental aspects of speech?

Answer 33

``` –length –tone –intonation –syllable structure –stress–pitch –utterance ```

Question 34

What does the following description refer to? can be defined as a unit of spoken language consisting of a single uninterrupted sound formed by a vowel, diphthong, or syllabic consonant alone, or by any of these sounds preceded, followed, or surrounded by one or more consonants”

Answer 34

Syllabe

Question 35

What does the following description refer to? refers to a segment of speech that consists of a vowel sound that usually accompanies consonant sounds

Answer 35

syllable

Question 36

What does the following description refer to? describes the prominence of a syllable.

Answer 36

Stress

Question 37

What does the following description refer to? in speech is defined as the relative highness or lowness of a tone as perceived by the ear, which depends on the number of vibrations per second produced by the vocal cords. Then pitch is an auditory sensation. When we hear a regularly vibrating sound such as a note played on a musical instrument, or a vowel produced by the human voice, we hear a high pitch if the rate of vibration is high and a low pitch if the rate of vibration is low.

Answer 37

Pitch

Question 38

What does the follwing description refer to? Is the way, in which the pitch of the voice goes up and down in the course of an utterance.

Answer 38

Intonation

Question 39

What does the following description refer to? It is used rather than sentence, as it referts to anything we say including grammatically incomplete sentences, and to different ways of saying the same sentence.

Answer 39

Utterance

Question 40

What does the following description refer to? It is a variation in the pitch of the voice while speaking.

Answer 40

Tone

Question 41

What does the following description refer to? refers to the variation in pitch that is used to convey meaning to sentence at discourse level.It can also be described as the variations in the pitch of the voice in connected speech. It plays an important role in the meaning of a sentence, statement, or phrase

Answer 41

Intonation

Question 42

What does the following description refer to? refers to the duration, or quantity, of a sound. Unlike stress and tone, which refer to entire syllables, it describes the duration of a particular sound segmen

Answer 42

Length

Question 43

What does the following description refer to? is a stretch of speech between two periods of silence or a potential or perceived silence.

Answer 43

Utterance

Question 44

What does the following description refer to? It describes the speech organs which participate in the production of the speech sounds and explains how the sounds are produced. Analyze the diagram and pay attention to its components.

Answer 44

Psychology of pronunciation

Question 45

What does the following description refer to? (lungs) – provides the air which is used in the production of most speech sounds.

Answer 45

Respiratoy apparatus

Question 46

What does the following description refer to? vocal cords) – generates most of the energy in speech sounds.

Answer 46

Larynx

Question 47

What does the following description refer to? (mouth, pharynx, nasal cavity), which act as resonators for the laryngeal tone.

Answer 47

Supraglottal Cavities

Question 48

Complete the information: According to their functions, the organs of speech are sub-divided into

Answer 48

Articulators and places (points) of articulation

Question 49

What does the following description refer to? are movable parts of the vocal tract.

Answer 49

articulators

Question 50

What does the following description refer to? Vowels are produced when the airstream is voiced through the vibration of the vocal cords in the larynx, and then shaped using the tongue and the lips to modify the overall shape of the mouth, the position of the tongue is a useful reference point for describing the differences between vowel sounds.

Answer 50

The articulaton of vowels

Question 51

What does the following description refer to? Vowels are harder to describe than consonants because they have an open vocal tract, so the tongue does not actually touch the upper surface of the vocal tract at any particular place. Instead, different vowels are described in terms of the ways in which the tongue and lips move

Answer 51

The articulation of vowels

Question 52

What do the following items refer to? ``` Plosive Affricate Fricative Nasal Lateral Approximant ```

Answer 52

Manner of Articulation

Question 53

What does the following description refer to? are produced with some degree of air obstruction, ranging from the complete stoppage of air, as in the sounds p, t, k, b, d, g, v, h to very little air obstruction – as in the sounds s, z, ʃ, r,dʒ,ʒ,tʃ (soul, zeal, shine, rock, jeans, pleasure, chalk).

Answer 53

Articulation of consonants

Question 54

What does the following description refer to? A complete closure is made somewhere in the vocal tract and the soft palate is also raised. Air pressure increases behind the closure and is then released "explosively". E.g. /p/ /b/

Answer 54

Plosive

Question 55

What does the following description refer to? A complete closure is made somewhere in the mouth, and the soft palate is raised. Air pressure increases behind the closure and is then released more slowly than in plosives. e.g /tʃ/ /dʒ/

Answer 55

Affricate

Question 56

What does the following description refer to? when two vocal orangs come close enough together for the movement of air between them to be heard, e.g. /f/ /v/

Answer 56

Fricative

Question 57

What does the following description refer to? A closure is made by the lips, or by the tongue against the palate, the soft palate is lowered, and air escapes through the nose. /m/ /n/

Answer 57

Nasal

Question 58

What does the following description refer to? Partial closure is made by the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge. Air is able to flow around the sides of the tongue. e.g. /l/

Answer 58

Lateral

Question 59

What does the following description refer to? Vocal organs come near to each other, but not so close as to cause audible friction. e.g. /w/ /r/

Answer 59

Approximant

Question 60

What do the following items refer to? ``` Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Palato-alveolar palatal Velar Glottal ```

Answer 60

Place of articulation

Question 61

What does the following description refer to? Using closing movement of both lips e.g. /p/ and /m/

Answer 61

Bilabial

Question 62

What does the following description refer to? Using the lower lip and the upper teeth. e.g /f/ and /v/

Answer 62

Labio dental

Question 63

What does the following description refer to? The tongue tip is used either between the teeth or close to the upper teeth. e.g. /θ/ and /ð/

Answer 63

Dental

Question 64

What does the following description refer to? The blade of the tongue is used to close the alveolar ridge e.g. /t/ and /s/

Answer 64

Alveolar

Question 65

What does the following description refer to? The blade ot tip of the tongue is used just behind the alveolar ridge, e.g. /tʃ/ /dʒ/

Answer 65

Palato alveolar

Question 66

What does the following description refer to? the front of the tongue is raised close to the palate e.g /j/

Answer 66

Palatal

Question 67

What does the following description refer to? the back of the tongue is used against the soft palate e.g. /k/ and /ŋ/

Answer 67

velar

Question 68

What does the following description refer to? the gap between the vocal cords is used to make audible friction, e.g /h/

Answer 68

Glottal

Question 69

Complete the information: When writing in English, we use ____ vowels and ____ consonants letters. When speaking in English we tipically use ____ different vowel sounds, including _____ diphthongs, and ____ consonant sounds.

Answer 69

``` 5 21 - 20 12 24 ```

Question 70

What does the following description refer to? is a generic label for movements or positions of the speech organs

Answer 70

Phonetic features

Question 71

What do the following items refer to? The lip, the flexible front of the tongue, the middle/back of the tongue, the root of the tongue together with the epiglottis and the larynx

Answer 71

basic active articulators

Question 72

What does the following description refer to? refers to the place of the vocal cord where the sound is produced, or where there is the most contact, or near contact, of articulators.

Answer 72

place of articulation

Question 73

What does the following description refer to? describes how the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound. The manner of articulation thus refers to the degree of air obstruction and the way in which the breath stream is released, that is from sudden to gradual.

Answer 73

manner of articulation

Question 74

What does the following description refer to? refers to the audible escape of air following certain consonant sounds. To better understand this speech phenomenon, you can put a hand or a lit candle in front of your mouth, and say the words pin ([phɪn]) and then bin ([bɪn]).

Answer 74

Aspiration

Question 75

What does the following description refer to? refers to sound changes whereby a consonant changes its type of voicing from voiceless to voiced, or vice versa, due to the influence of its phonological environment

Answer 75

Voicing

Question 76

What does the following description refer to? | – studies speech sounds as physical objects. It is an empirical science based on the observation of facts.

Answer 76

Phonetics

Question 77

What does the following description refer to? – studies human speech sounds, how these sounds are produced and methods for their classification.

Answer 77

Phonetics

Question 78

What does the following description refer to? – is concerned with the human sound-producing capacity and analyzes the whole range of possible speech sounds.

Answer 78

Phonetics

Question 79

What does the following description refer to? Is the study of speech sounds, their physical properties, the way they are received and decoded by the brain, and the way they are produced. (Rowe, 2009)

Answer 79

Phonetics

Question 80

What does the following description refer to? it studies the nature and limits of human ability to produce speech sounds and describes the way these sounds are delivered (Fasold, 2006).

Answer 80

Articulatory Phonetics

Question 81

What does the following description refer to? it studies the physical properties of speech sounds; frequency, amplitude during sound transmission from speaker to hearer, from mouth to ear

Answer 81

Acoustic phonetics

Question 82

What does the following description refer to? is the field of study devoted to the investigation of sound waves: it is the study of the physical properties of sound (Fasold, 2006).

Answer 82

Articulatory Phonetics

Question 83

What does the following description refer to? is concerned with hearing and perception of speech; our response to speech sounds as received through the ear and brain (Fasold, 2006).

Answer 83

Auditory phonetics

Question 84

What does the following description refer to? is a branch of linguistics. It is an overall description of the sounds of a given language.

Answer 84

Phonology

Question 85

What does the following description refer to? It’s strictly physical. it’s not about meaning.

Answer 85

phonetics

Question 86

What does the following description refer to? It is both physical and meaningful.

Answer 86

Phonology

Question 87

Complete the following information: The study of pronunciation consists of two fields, namely _________ and ___________. The first one refer to the study of _______ _________. The other one is primarly concerned with how we __________ and _____________ sounds.

Answer 87

``` Phonetics Phonology Speech Sounds Interprete Systematize ```