UNIT 3. VOWELS

Question 1

The word _______ comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning “speaking “, because in most languages words and thus speech are not possible without vowels.

Answer 1

Vowel

Question 2

The word ________ here is used to differentiate single vowel sounds from diphthongs.

Answer 2

Pure; the pure vowel sounds

Question 3

All “pure” vowels are _________-: this means that they retain the same position of the speech organs throughout articulation. This quality does not change.

Answer 3

Simple

Question 4

___________vowels change the position of speech organs during their articulation. Diphthongs and triphthongs are complex vowels.

Answer 4

Complex

Question 5

æ - cat, bat, mat 
ɪ - hit, sit, split
ɪ: - cheese knee, agree 
ɑ: - arm, palm, calm 
ɔ: - call, mall, Paul 
ə - away , about , upon 
ʊ -put, could , should 
u: - fruit, pool, suit 
ɛ - end, air, bet 
ɛ:- turn, first, serve, curve 
ʌ -uncle, nut ,bus, but 
e – left, egg, instead

Answer 5

Simple Pure Vowels

Question 6

The lips are pushed forward into the shape of a circle. /ʊ/

Answer 6

Rounded

Question 7

The corners of the lips are moved away from each other, as when smiling. /i:/

Answer 7

Spread

Question 8

the lips are not noticeably rounded or spread. /ə/

Answer 8

Neutral

Question 9

Close Vowels:

The front of the tongue is slightly behind and below the close front position. (the close position is where the tongue is closest to the roof of the mouth) Lips are spread. The tongue is tense, and the sides of the togue touch the upper molars.

Answer 9

i:

Question 10

Close Vowels:
The part of the tongue slightly nearer the center is raised ti just above the half-closed position. The lips are spread loosely and the tongue is more relaxed. The sides of the tongue may just touch the upper molars

Answer 10

ɪ

Question 11

Close Vowels:
The part of the tongue just behind the center is raised, just above the half-closed position. The lips are rounded, but loosely so. The tongue is relatively relaxed.

Answer 11

ʊ

Question 12

Close Vowels:

The back of the tongue is raised just below the close position. Lips are rounded. The tongue is tense.

Answer 12

u:

Question 13

For these vowels, the tongue is neither high nor low in the mouth. Moving from /e/ through /ɔ/, we also notice the different positions of the tongue; /e/ is a front vowel and /ɔ/ is a back vowel

Answer 13

Mid Vowels

Question 14

Mid Vowels:

The front of the tongue is between the half-open and half-close positions. Lips are loosely spread. The tongue is tenser than four /ɪ/ .And the sides of the tongue may touch the upper molars.

Answer 14

/e/

Question 15

Mid vowels:

The center of the song is between the half-closed in half-open positions. Lips are relaxed and naturally spread.

Answer 15

/ə/

Question 16

Mid Vowels:

The center of the tongue is between the half-close and half-open positions. Lips are relaxed and neutrally spread.

Answer 16

ɜ

Question 17

Mid Vowels:

The back of the tongue is raised to between the half-open and half-close positions. Lips are loosely rounded.

Answer 17

ɔ

Question 18

For these vowels, the tongue is low in the mouth. Moving from /æ/ through to /ɒ/, we also notice the different positions of the tongue /æ/ is a front vowel and /ɒ/ is a back vowel

Answer 18

Open Vowels

Question 19

Open Vowels:

The front of the tongue is raised to just below the half-open positions. Lips are neutrally open.

Answer 19

æ

Question 20

Open Vowels:

The center of the tongue is raised to just above the fully open positions. Lips are neutrally open.

Answer 20

ʌ

Question 21

Open Vowels:

The tongue, between the center and the back, is in the fully open position. Lips are neutrally open.

Answer 21

ɑ:

Question 22

Open Vowels:

The back of the tongue is in a fully open position. The lips are lightly rounded.

Answer 22

ɒ

Question 23

______ is said to be a variation of a phoneme. It is a variety of specific phonemes, which occurs under particular circumstances.

Answer 23

Allophone

Question 24

More commonly, the term “_________” refers to different articulations of a phoneme. This may represent difficulties for non-native speakers since the same phoneme may present different sets of allophones in that language.

Answer 24

Allophone

Question 25

A crude definition of a ________ might be “a combination of vowel sounds”.

A slightly closer analysis shows us that there is a ______ from one pure vowel sound to another.

Answer 25

Diphthong.

Glide.

Question 26

English is usually described as having ____ diphthongs, and they can be usefully grouped.

Answer 26

Eight (8)

Question 27

Diphthongs end with a glide towards /ə/. They are called this because /ə/ is a central vowel.

sure
clearing
there

Answer 27

Centring

Question 28

Diphthongs end with a glide towards /ɪ/ or towards /ʊ/. The glide is towards a higher position in the mouth.

they
boy
go
now

Answer 28

Closing diphthongs

Question 29

If two vowels go walking together, the first one talks and the second one walks.

Answer 29

BASIC VOWEL RULES

Question 30

from Greek diphthongs , means “two sounds”

Answer 30

Diphthong

Question 31

/ eɪ̯ / - day, pay, say, lay

/ aɪ̯ / - sky, cry, buy, tie

/ ɔɪ̯ / - boy, toy, moist

/ ɪə̯ / - pier, hear, near

/ eə̯ / - pair, hair, lair

/ ʊə̯/ - tour, poor, book, hook

/ əʊ̯ / - oh, no, so, phone, low

/ aʊ̯ / -loud, how , now, brown , cow

Answer 31

The Eight Diphthongs in English

Question 32

to practice pronunciation

– to perfect pronunciation and Intonation

– to practice new grammar and vocabulary.

Answer 32

Purpose of Drilling

Question 33

Centring Diphthongs:

The glide begins in the position for /ɪ/, moving down and back towards /ə/. the lips are neutral but with a small movement from spread to open.

Answer 33

ɪə

Question 34

Centring Diphthongs:

The glide begins in the position for /ʊ/, moving forwards and down towards /ə/. The lips are loosely rounded, becoming neutrally spread.

Answer 34

ʊə

Question 35

Centring Diphthongs:

The glide begins in the position for /e/, moving back towards /ə/. The lips remain neutrally open.

Answer 35

/eə/

Question 36

Closing Diphthongs Ending in /ɪ/:

the glide begins in the position for /e/, moving up and slightly back towards /ɪ/. The lips are spread.

Answer 36

eɪ

Question 37

Closing Diphthongs Ending in /ɪ/:

The glide begins in the position for /ɔ:/, moving up and forward towards /ɪ/. The lips start open and rounded and change to neutral.

Answer 37

ɔɪ

Question 38

Closing Diphthongs Ending in /ɪ/:

The glide begins in an open position, between front and center, moving up and slightly forward towards /ɪ/. The lips move from neutral, to loosely spread.

Answer 38

aɪ

Question 39

Closing Diphthongs Endings in /ʊ/:

The glide begins in the position for /ə/, moving up and back towards /ʊ/. Lips are neutral but change to loosely rounded.

Answer 39

əʊ

Question 40

Closing Diphthongs Endings in /ʊ/:

The glide begins in a position quite similar to /ɑ:/ moving up towards /ʊ/. The lips start neutral, with a movement to loosely rounded. The glide is not always completed, as the movement involved is extensive.

Answer 40

aʊ