Unit 4 Chapters 16 -19 The Molecular Basis Of Inheritance, DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation, Viruses Flashcards
Removing AAC nucleotides at the 3’ end of tRNA that reads for Methionine. What is true ?
The amino acid Methionine will not be able to bind to the tRNA
Most common mutation in Cystic Fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is this called ?
A polypeptide missing an amino acid
When translating secretory or membrane proteins , ribosomes are brought to the ER by :
A signal-recognition particle that brings ribosomes to a receptor protein in the ER membrane
RNA molecules with enzymatic functions are called :
Ribozymes
What mutation is GAA—>GUA (Sickle Cell Anemia) ?
Silent mutation
What kind of mutation is UGC—>UGA (PKU) ?
Nonsense mutation (stop codon)
What kind of mutation is AAU—>AAC
(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP) ?
Missense mutation
The 5’ end of a DNA strand always has a free ____ group while the 3’ end always has a free _____ group.
Phosphate ; hydroxyl
The human crystalline gene is in every cell but is only expressed in the the lens of the eye :
Activator proteins (transcription factors) bind to regions of the gene are only found in the lens cell
The gene has specific promoter and enchanter control elements that bound to lens-specific activators
What is the attachment site for RNA polymerase ?
The TATAAA box
Upstream (proximal) promoter elements in eukaryotes are :
Nucleotide sequences that regulate the efficiency of transcription initiation
What is most likely to be ubiquitinated :
A cyclin that usually acts in G1, now that the cell is in G2
Alternative RNA Splicing
Can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA
Histone methylation _____, while Histone acetylation _____
Represses transcription, promotes transcription
In females one X chromosome is inactivated and forms a Barr Body, what form of DNA is this :
Heterochromatin
MicroRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) both function to silence genes by :
Binding to complementary RNA sequences that prevent TRANSLATION
What can occur in Eukaryotes but not Prokaryotic in gene expression :
A poly-A tail is added to the 3’ end and a 5’ cap is added of mRNA
Muscle cells differ from nerve cells because they :
Express different genes
The function of enhances is an example of :
Transcriptional control of gene expression
Viruses that attack bacteria are called :
Phages
Retroviruses like HIV differ from other viruses by :
using the enzyme reverse transcriptase to copy their RNA into DNA
All are DNA viruses except :
The influenza virus that causes the flu
During lytic life cycle of phages :
The host cell often dies, releasing newly made copies of the virus
Polio and Hepatitis A
Picornaviruses
West Nile virus and Hep C
Flavivirus
Measles and Mumps
Paramyxoviruses
Ebola and other hemorrhagic fevers
Filovirus
The Prion Hypothesis states that :
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies result from the conversion of PrP -c to an abnormally folded PrP-sc state
Prion diseases of humans include:
Kuru, Variant Creutfeld-Jacob Disease (vCJD)
What do bacteria, viruses, and prions all share in common :
Nucleic acids or Proteins ???
In the figure below, mRNA transcription process intitaties at the area labeled_____, The mRNA transcript in the is labeled_____, and the template strand is labeled______.
E D C
A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5’ CCG-ACG 3’ (mRNA). The dipeptide that will form will be:
Proline-Threonine
Which of the following characteristics, structures, and processes is common to bacteria, viruses, and prions ?
Nucleic acids
