Unit 4 Chapters 16 -19 The Molecular Basis Of Inheritance, DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation, Viruses

Question 1

Removing AAC nucleotides at the 3’ end of tRNA that reads for Methionine. What is true ?

Answer 1

The amino acid Methionine will not be able to bind to the tRNA

Question 2

Most common mutation in Cystic Fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. What is this called ?

Answer 2

A polypeptide missing an amino acid

Question 3

When translating secretory or membrane proteins , ribosomes are brought to the ER by :

Answer 3

A signal-recognition particle that brings ribosomes to a receptor protein in the ER membrane

Question 4

RNA molecules with enzymatic functions are called :

Answer 4

Ribozymes

Question 5

What mutation is GAA—>GUA (Sickle Cell Anemia) ?

Answer 5

Silent mutation

Question 6

What kind of mutation is UGC—>UGA (PKU) ?

Answer 6

Nonsense mutation (stop codon)

Question 7

What kind of mutation is AAU—>AAC

(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism SNP) ?

Answer 7

Missense mutation

Question 8

The 5’ end of a DNA strand always has a free ____ group while the 3’ end always has a free _____ group.

Answer 8

Phosphate ; hydroxyl

Question 9

The human crystalline gene is in every cell but is only expressed in the the lens of the eye :

Answer 9

Activator proteins (transcription factors) bind to regions of the gene are only found in the lens cell

The gene has specific promoter and enchanter control elements that bound to lens-specific activators

Question 10

What is the attachment site for RNA polymerase ?

Answer 10

The TATAAA box

Question 11

Upstream (proximal) promoter elements in eukaryotes are :

Answer 11

Nucleotide sequences that regulate the efficiency of transcription initiation

Question 12

What is most likely to be ubiquitinated :

Answer 12

A cyclin that usually acts in G1, now that the cell is in G2

Question 13

Alternative RNA Splicing

Answer 13

Can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA

Question 14

Histone methylation _____, while Histone acetylation _____

Answer 14

Represses transcription, promotes transcription

Question 15

In females one X chromosome is inactivated and forms a Barr Body, what form of DNA is this :

Answer 15

Heterochromatin

Question 16

MicroRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) both function to silence genes by :

Answer 16

Binding to complementary RNA sequences that prevent TRANSLATION

Question 17

What can occur in Eukaryotes but not Prokaryotic in gene expression :

Answer 17

A poly-A tail is added to the 3’ end and a 5’ cap is added of mRNA

Question 18

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells because they :

Answer 18

Express different genes

Question 19

The function of enhances is an example of :

Answer 19

Transcriptional control of gene expression

Question 20

Viruses that attack bacteria are called :

Answer 20

Phages

Question 21

Retroviruses like HIV differ from other viruses by :

Answer 21

using the enzyme reverse transcriptase to copy their RNA into DNA

Question 22

All are DNA viruses except :

Answer 22

The influenza virus that causes the flu

Question 23

During lytic life cycle of phages :

Answer 23

The host cell often dies, releasing newly made copies of the virus

Question 24

Polio and Hepatitis A

Answer 24

Picornaviruses

Question 25

West Nile virus and Hep C

Answer 25

Flavivirus

Question 26

Measles and Mumps

Answer 26

Paramyxoviruses

Question 27

Ebola and other hemorrhagic fevers

Answer 27

Filovirus

Question 28

The Prion Hypothesis states that :

Answer 28

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies result from the conversion of PrP -c to an abnormally folded PrP-sc state

Question 29

Prion diseases of humans include:

Answer 29

Kuru, Variant Creutfeld-Jacob Disease (vCJD)

Question 30

What do bacteria, viruses, and prions all share in common :

Answer 30

Nucleic acids or Proteins ???

Question 31

In the figure below, mRNA transcription process intitaties at the area labeled_____, The mRNA transcript in the is labeled_____, and the template strand is labeled______.

Answer 31

E D C

Question 32

A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5’ CCG-ACG 3’ (mRNA). The dipeptide that will form will be:

Answer 32

Proline-Threonine

Question 33

Which of the following characteristics, structures, and processes is common to bacteria, viruses, and prions ?

Answer 33

Nucleic acids