Unit 3 Chapters 11-15 Genetics, Cell Communication Flashcards
Up to 60% of all medicines used today influence what kind of structure in the cell membrane ?
G-protein Linked Receptors
How does adenyl cyclase help transmit signals inside the cell ?
Adenyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, which amplifies the signal in the cell.
Match the following that relates to cell signaling :
a. Epinephrine
b. Integral membrane protein receptor
c. Integral membrane protein enzyme
d. Peripheral membrane protein that binds GTP
e. Second messenger generated from ATP
- Adenyl cyclase
- G-Protein
- GPCR
- cAMP
- Ligand
a. Epinephrine - 5.
b. Integral membrane protein receptor - 3..
c. Integral membrane protein enzyme - 1.
d. Peripheral membrane protein that binds GTP - 2.
e. Second messenger generated from ATP - 4.
Herceptin has been found to bind to RTKs known as HER2, why ?
If the patient’s breast cancer cells have detectable HER2.
MATCHING: Enzyme Roundup: Cell Signaling
a. Converts ATP to cAMP after G-protein signaling
b. Converts cAMP to AMP; inhibited by caffeine
c. Converts membrane lipids to IP3 and DAG
d. Phosphorylates relay molecules after activation and dimerization
- Phosphodiesterase
- Phospholipase C
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
- Adenylyl Cyclase
a. Converts ATP to cAMP after G-protein signaling - 4.
b. Converts cAMP to AMP; inhibited by caffeine - 1.
c. Converts membrane lipids to IP3 and DAG - 2.
d. Phosphorylates relay molecules after activation and dimerization - 3.
The activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (R-TKs) is always characterized by :
Dimerization and auto-phosphorylation
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cellat metaphase of meiosis I would be
2x
If the cell whose nuclear material is shown at right continues toward completion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur next?
Formation of Telophase nuclei
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following occurs in meiosis, but not mitosis?
a. The cells formed have the same combination of genes as found in the initial cell.
b. Homologous chromosomes separate.
c. The nuclear envelope disappears.
d. Sister chromatids undergo disjunction.e. A spindle apparatus forms.
B. Homologous chromosomes separate
D. Sister chromatids undergo disjunction
In a plant with a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 46, how many pairs of homologous chromosomes are present in a cell that has just entered Meiosis II?
0
Using a microscope to examine the skin cells from a female, it is apparent that each nucleus has two Barr bodies. From this karyotype, it can be concluded that the woman’s chromosomal condition is
47, XXX
At what stage of Meiosis do cells become haploid ?
Prophase I
After Telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is
haploid, and 2 chromatids
Homologous chromosomes synapse or pair during
Prophase I
Mendel’s law of independent assortment has its basis in which of the following events of meiosis?
alignment of tetrads at the equator in metaphase
In a population with two alleles for cystic fibrosis, C and c, the frequency the recessive allele is 0.6. What percent of the population would be heterozygous carriers for cystic fibrosis if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
48%
Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of crosses BbTt × BBtt will be expected to have black fur and long tails?
1/2
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Blood Type: What are the probabilities for blood types in the offspring of individuals who both have type AB blood?
a. Type A = 25%
b. Type B = 25%
c. Type AB = 25%
d. Type AB = 50%
e. Type O = 25%
Type A = 25%
Type B= 25%
Type AB = 50%
Epistasis: A black Labrador retriever (BbEe) is crossed with a chocolate Lab (bbEe). In a litter of 16 F1 puppies, what are the likely proportions of black, chocolate or yellow Labs?
6 Black, 6 Chocolate, 4 Yellow
Sex linkage: SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Hemophilia is an X-linked, recessive trait. If a male has hemophilia (XfY), and his spouse is heterozygous for blood clotting factors (XFXf)
a. There is a 50% chance that their sons will have hemophilia
b. There is a 50% chance that their daughters will have hemophilia
c. There is a 50% chance that their daughters will be carriers for hemophilia
d. All of their daughters will have hemophilia
e. All of their sons will have hemophilia
a. There is a 50% chance that their sons will have hemophilia
b. There is a 50% chance that their daughters will have hemophilia
c. There is a 50% chance that their daughters will be carriers for hemophilia
Match the following human genetics disorders with their inheritance patterns? Answers (a-e) may be used more than once
i) Marfan’s
ii) Tay Sachs
iii) Cystic Fibrosis
iv) Hemophilia
v) Achondroplasia
vi) Schizophrenia
vii) Polydactyly
a. ) Autosomal Recessive
b. ) Autosomal Dominant
c. ) X-linked
d. ) Multifactorial
e. ) Dominant lethal
i) Marfan’s B
ii) Tay Sachs A
iii) Cystic Fibrosis A
iv) Hemophilia C
v) Achondroplasia E
vi) Schizophrenia D
vii) Polydactyly B
If a tall plant is mated with a short plant as a Test Cross, which outcome would indicate that the tall parent corn plant was heterozygous?
Hh x hh
The ratio of tall to short is 1:1 (50% to 50%)
The trait found in the individuals is represented by the shaded symbols. Which of the following patterns of transmission for this gene is/are consistent with this pedigree ?
autosomal dominant
Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, the pancreas, the digestive system, and other organs, resulting in a range of symptoms. Which of the following terms best describes this?
Pleiotropy
The pedigree below shows a family with a disease pattern indicted by shaded symbols. What is it ?
Autosomal dominant
