Unit 2 : Chapter 6-10 The Cell, Membranes, and Photosynthesis Flashcards
Function of Nucleus
Site of Transcription of mRNA and tRNA for protein synthesis
Function of Mitochondria
Synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
Function of Nucleolis
Site of rRNA for protein synthesis
Function of Rough ER
Synthesis of the insulin receptor (transmembrane glycoprotein)
Function of Golgi Apparatus
Sorting of proteins for Extracellular secretion
Function of Lysosomes
Intercellular digestion
Function of Smooth ER
Synthesis of steroid hormone Testosterone
Function of Extracellular Matrix
Site of cell to cell adhesion and recognition
Proteins that are made for secretion (export from cell)
Are made in the Rough ER and packaged into transport vesicles
Mammalian blood contains 0.15 M NaCl, Seawater contains 0.45 M NaCl.
What will happen is the blood was placed in seawater ?
Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and burst
All of the following are functions of Integral Membrane Proteins except :
- Synthesis of Hormones
- Active transport of ions
- Cell to cell recognition
- Reception of hormone signals like Epi
- Attachment to the Extracellular membrane
Synthesis of Hormones
Match the components of the plasma membrane :
- Cholesterol
- Glycolipid
- Integral membrane protein
- Peripheral membrane protein
- Glycoprotein
- Cholesterol : E.
- Glycolipid : A.
- Integral membrane protein : B.
- Peripheral membrane protein : F.
- Glycoprotein : C.
What would decrease the entropy within a cell :
Anabolic reactions
Why is ATP important in metabolism :
A. ) It’s hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions
B. ) It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions
Increasing the substrate in a reaction would overcome :
Competitive Inhibition
Cells use energy coupling using ATP, define energy coupling :
B.) exergonic reactions drive endergonic reactions
D. ) ATP hydrolysis releases free energy that can be coupled to an endergonic reactions via the formation of a phosphorylated intermediate
The general name for an enzyme that transfer phosphates from ATP to proteins :
Protein Kinase
In liver cells, mitochondrial inner membranes are 5x the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, why :
It increases the surface area of oxidative phosphorylation
Why is the Calvin Cycle dependent of Light reactions :
Light reactions produce ATP and NADH for sugar production
One function of alcohol and lactic acid fermentation is :
Oxidize NADH to NAD+
Skeletal muscle cells can become painful and fatigued, why :
Buildup of Lactate
Which of the 4 kinase enzymes in Glycolysis is shown in the figure :
Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Phosphoglycerokinase (PGK)
Location of cell in Kreb’s Cycle :
Mitochondrial Matrix
Location of cell in Calvin Cycle :
Chloroplast Stroma
Location in cell in Light Reactions :
Thylakoid membrane
Location in cell in Proton Gradient in Aerobic Respiration :
Mitochondrial inner membrane space
Location in cell in Proton Gradient in Light Reactions :
Thylakoid lumen
Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for what percentage of ATP used in Glycolysis :
100%
A C4 plant fixes CO2 into ______ where a C3 plant fixes CO2 into _______
Oxaloacetic acid using PEP carboxylase ; PGA using Rubisco
Describe this reaction : 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy —> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
CO2 is reduced and H2O is oxidized
The oxygen consumed during Aerobic cellular respiration is involved in what event :
Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
What is Not true about Rubisco :
It is a kinase
