Unit 4: Changing Populations Flashcards
Immigrant
A person who moves from one country from another country
Emigrant
A person who leaves one country to move to another country
Demography
The study of human populations
Birth rate
The number of births in a population per year per 1000 people
Death rate
The number of deaths in a population per year per 1000 people
Natural increase rate
The birth rate minus the death rate
Net migration rate
The immigration rate minus the emigration rate
Population growth rate
The natural increase rate plus the net migration rate.
Doubling time
The length of time for a country’s population to double at a particular population growth rate
Population pyramids
A graph that shows the distribution of ages across a population divided down the center between male and female members of the population
Wide base (interpreting pop pyramids)
A wide base suggests a high birth rate
Narrowing base
A narrowing base suggests a falling birth rate
Sloping sides
Sloping sides indicate a high death rate as people get older
Straight (near vertical sides)
Shows a low death rate as people get older
Bulge in the pyramid
Indicates an increase in the population for a particular period of time. Ex. Increase in births and immigration
Defecits kink)
Indicates a loss of population for a long period of time
Variation between male and female
Where one side has a greater percentage of the population than the other for a particular cohort or group of cohorts. Ex. Finland has a larger % of females than males.
Height of pyramid
The height of a pyramid indicates the life expectancy. The taller the pyramid, the longer people are living.
Stage 1 of the DTM (Demographic transition model)
Both birth rates and death rates are so high, so population growth rates are slow, but pop is usually restored due to a high birth rate. Short life expectancy
Stage 2 of DTM (Demographic transition model)
-Population starts to grow at an exponential rate due to fall in death rate.
-More living in middle age
-Life expectancy rises
-Infant mortality rate falls
Stage 3 of DTM (Demographic transition model)
-Population continues to grow but at a slower rate
-Low death rate
-Dramatically declining birth rate
Stage 4 of DTM (Demographic transition model)
-Low birth rate
-Low death rate
-Higher dependency ratio and longer life expectancy
-Death rate does rise slightly because of the aging population
Baby boom generation
A baby boom, by definition is a suddenly rise in the number of births observed from year to year. It ends when a drop in the numbers is observed.
Demographic shift
More seniors (65+) than children (0-14)
economic challenges of a baby boom
Businesses in Canada will face challenges such as an aging workforce, possible labour shortages, and increased comoetition for skilled workers.
Solutions of the baby boom
Government of Canada is increasing the amount of immigrants that we accept into Canada each year.
Social challenges of an aging baby boom generation
An aging population may also lead to a higher public health care spending, a factor that will combine with other pressures for our health care system
