Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle Flashcards
What are the 2 types of feedback
Poitive and Negative feedback loops
Negative feedback loops maintains what?
Homeostasis, results in the inhibition or the slowing down of a process
Ex. regulation of body temp., blood pressure, fluid content
Positive feedback loops result in what?
The breakdown of homeostasis, results in the amplification or growth of the output signal
Blood clotting, childbirth, fruit ripening
What are the 3 stages of cell communication
Reception, Transduction, Response
What happens in the process of reception
A lingand binds to a receptor protein that can be in the mebrane or the cell
What are the 2 most common types of plasma membrane receptors
GCPR (G protein-coupled receptors) and Ligand-gated ion channel
What types of ligands or peptides bind to Plasma membrane receptors
Polar, water-soluble
What happens in transduction
AMPLIFIES SIGNAL WITH A SECOND MESENGER (cAMP)
phosophorylation cascade
Phosphorylation Cascade uses a ____ enzyme to phosphorylate ____ into a ____
Protein Kinase; ATP; Protein +Pi
How does a cell respond to outside signals
By regulating gene expression
How do unicellular organisms (bacteria) communicate?
Through quorum sensing: The ability of bacteria to sense and monitor their local population density by releasing signaling molecules
What are the 3 types of local signaling in cells
Cell juntions (animal and plant cells), cell-cell recognition, and Local messengers
What types of signals do cells send to eachother
Inhibitory and stimulatory
What is an example of negative feedback in our bodies?
Body Temp., Blood Pressure, Glucose Regulation
Maintains homeostasis –>identify what causes stray and fix to set point
What is an example of positive feedback in our bodies?
Child Birth, Fruit ripening, blood clotting
Amplifies a response, sends further away from homeostasis set point
