Unit 1: Biochemistry

Question 1

What is an Amino Acid?

Answer 1

They are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.

Question 2

What does Amphipathic mean

Answer 2

A molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
ex. phospholipids that form the phospholipid bilayer, with a hydrophilic head(polar) and a hydrophobic(non-polar) inside

Question 3

What is an anabolic process

Answer 3

a process that builds larger, complex molecules from smaller, more simple ones. Requires energy.

Question 4

What is the ratio of elements in Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen(CHO); 1:2:1 ratio

Question 5

What are the 6 most common elements in all living matter (think CHNOPS)

Answer 5

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 6

Catabolic reactions ____ molecules in living cells

Answer 6

Break down larger

Question 7

What is a disaccharide composed of

Answer 7

two molecules of monosaccharides linked to each other

Question 8

Where are Hydrogen Bonds most frequent

Answer 8

Between water molecules, DNA, and Proteins

Question 9

What is the strength of a Hydrogen Bond?

Answer 9

Weak bond between a Hydrogen and a negatively charged item

Question 10

What is the main property of Hydrophilic (Polar) molecules

Answer 10

attracted to water molecules (phospholipid head)

Question 11

What is the main property of Hydrophobic (Non-Polar) properties

Answer 11

repel water molecules
(phospholipid tails)

Question 12

What are ions

Answer 12

charged particles that have an uneven # of protons and electrons
-Cat(ions) are pawsitive

Question 13

What type of molecule are phospholipids?

Answer 13

Amphiphilic - has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 14

What is the ration of molecules in Lipids?

Answer 14

CHO(P) - not a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 15

What are the 4 major macromolecules (composed of CHNOP)

Answer 15

Carbohydrates, Lipids/fats, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Question 16

What groups do amino acids have?

Answer 16

Amino group, Carboxyl group, R-group

Question 17

Amino acids bond through ____ to form a _____

Answer 17

dehydration synthesis; peptide bond

Question 18

What is a monomer?

Answer 18

A small molecule that are repeated units in a polymer

Question 19

What is a monosaccharide and what do they do?

Answer 19

The simplest form of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built; They produce and store energy in chemical bonds
ex. Glucose

Question 20

The charge in a nonpolar molecule is distributed _____

Answer 20

Evenly
ex. CO2 and O2

Question 21

What are Nucleic Acids composed of? (DNA,RNA)

Answer 21

A 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base(A-U/T,C-G).

Question 22

What are the nitrogenous bases that form DNA in living cells and to which do they pair with?

Answer 22

Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine

Question 23

How are polymers broken down?

Answer 23

Hydrolysis

Question 24

What are the 4 most important organic compounds

Answer 24

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid

Question 25

Peptide bonds are ____ bonds that link _________ together to form a _____

Answer 25

covalent; amino acids; protein

Question 26

Polar molecules are _____ with ____ distribution of electrons

Answer 26

hydrophillic; uneven

Question 27

Monomers form ____ which forms macromolecules

Answer 27

Polymers

Question 28

How many different amino acids are found in proteins?

Answer 28

20

Question 29

What are the 3 structures of an amino acid

Answer 29

Amino Group, Carboxyl Group (COOH), R Group(determines chemical properties of the amino acid)

Question 30

In protein folding and many biological structures, shape determines _____

Answer 30

function

Question 31

Primary protein folding structure is an

Answer 31

amino acid chain

Question 32

Secondary protein folding structure is a

Answer 32

beta pleated sheet or alpha helix (hydrogen bonds)

Question 33

Tertiary protein folding structure is

Answer 33

Globular, folds in on itself, many new bonds

Question 34

Quaternary protein folding structure is

Answer 34

Multiple polypeptides joined together

Question 35

What 3 things are nucleotides composed of

Answer 35

Sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base