Unit 3: Energy

Question 1

Photosynthesis converts ___ energy to ____ energy

Answer 1

light; chemical

Question 2

Photosynthesis converts CO2 to ___ and H2O to ____

Answer 2

O2; Glucose

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2

Question 3

What carrier electron does cellular respiration use

Answer 3

NADH

P for photosynthesis - NADPH

Question 4

Where does glycolysis occur during cellular respiration?

Answer 4

In the cytoplasm

Anaerobic - does not require oxygen

Question 5

Glycolysis uses ___ and converts it to ____

Answer 5

glucose; pyruvate, 2 ATP, and NADH

Question 6

Where does the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid cycle) occur

Answer 6

In the mitochondrial matrix

Question 7

What are the 4 main steps of cellular respiration

In order

Answer 7

Glycolysis, *Pyruvate oxidation, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation

*Turns pyruvate into Acetyl CoA

Question 8

What are the start and end products of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 8

Acetyl CoA and O2 goes in, CO2, 2 ATP, 8 NADP, 2 FADH2 goes out

-This is why we breathe out CO2

Question 9

What step of cellular respiration produces the most ATP

Answer 9

Oxidative phosphorylation - Consists of the ETC and ATP Synthase

Question 10

The ATP synthase uses the H+ gradient built by the ETC to generate energy and combine what 2 molecucles together?

Answer 10

ADP and Phosphate(Pi)

Question 11

When no oxygen is present, a cell will commence 1 of what 2 types of fermentation?

Anaerobic process

Answer 11

Alcoholic and Lactic Acid fermentation

Question 12

____ are embedded in the internal membranes of chloroplasts

Answer 12

Photosystems II and I

Question 13

Photophosphorylation is a Light ___ process

Answer 13

Dependent

Question 14

The Calvin Cycle is a Light ____ process

Answer 14

Independent

Question 15

Where does photophosphorylation occur

Answer 15

In the thylakoids of the grana, in chloroplasts

Question 16

Electrons from the ETC are passed to turn ___ reductase into _____

Answer 16

NADP+; NADPH

Question 17

The thylakoid space has a ___ proton concentration

Answer 17

High

Question 18

After passing through PSII and PSI during the ETC, NADPH and the ATP generated from chemiosmosis goes to what process

Answer 18

The Calvin Cycle, using those molecules, electrons, and CO2 to make glucose

Question 19

What molecule is split at the start of photophosphorylation in order to generate electrons, and what is released as a byproduct?

Answer 19

H2O is split into O2, H+, and 2 electrons

Question 20

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

Answer 20

In the stroma of chloroplasts, just like the Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 21

What types of cells undergo alcoholic fermentation, and what is the glucose converted to?

Answer 21

Yeast cells; ethyl alcohol, CO2 and NAD+

Question 22

What are enzymes and what is their main funtion?

Answer 22

Biological catylasts(made of protein) that speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation enrgy required for reaction to occur

Question 23

Where does an enzymatic reaction occur

Answer 23

On the enzymes active site (expose R group)

Question 24

The process of breaking down a substance is a ____ process

Answer 24

Catabolic

Cats break everything knocking things off of tables

Question 25

The process of building up substances is a ____ process

Answer 25

anabolic

Anabolic steroids build muscles

Question 26

What is the enzymatic rate determined by?

Answer 26

the collisions between substrates and enzymes

Question 27

Enzymes are specific to a substrate - must be complementary to shape and charge of the active site

Answer 27

yea

Question 28

What are 4 factors enzyme rate is affected by and how?

Answer 28

pH (different pH optimal for each enzyme)
Temperature (different for each enzyme; in general when temp goes up so does enzyme rate, too much heat can denature enzyme)
Enzyme Concentration (More enzyme faster rate)
Substrate Concentration (More substrate faster rate)

Question 29

What happens in competitive inhibition

Answer 29

An inhibitor competes for the active site; can be overcome with more substrate

Question 30

What happens in non-competitive inhibition

Answer 30

Inhibitor attatches at an allosteric site, changing the shape of the enzymes active site to the substrate can no longer bind.

Question 31

What 2 groups interact with enzymes to put them into the right structure to do work?

Answer 31

Coenzymes (organic; vitamin B, NAH) and cofactors (inorganic; zinc, magnesium, etc.)