Unit 4 - Biological molecules and tests for them Flashcards
What do all bio-molecules contain?
Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
Define biomolecule
A molecule that is produced by a living organism
What are 3 types of biomolecules?
Lipids, proteins and carbohydrates
State three complex carbohydrates and their function
Starch - come from the chloroplast and cytoplasm in plant cells, used for energy and nutrient storage
Cellulose - come from plant cell walls, used for structural support
Glycogen - come from liver and muscles, used for energy and nutrient storage
Difference between oils and fats
Fat is in a solid state at room temperature and is usually found in animals while oil is liquid at room temperature and tends to be found in plants.
What are the 2 types of smaller fat molecules?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
Which smaller molecule is starch, cellulose and glycogen made from?
Glucose
What is the test for reducing sugars called?
Benedict’s solution. If no sugar = blue,
if a lot of sugar = red
What is the test for starch called?
Iodine test, no starch = orange brown,
positive starch = blue-black
What is the test for proteins called?
Biuret solution/test.
Negative protein - blue
Positive protein = purple
What is the test for lipids called?
Ethanol Emulsion test, negative lipids - clear,
positive lipids - top is white/cloudy
