Unit 2 - cells

Question 1

Which 4 cell structures do animal cells and plant cells have in common?

Answer 1

Cell membrane - the boundary of the cell, which regulates movements in and out of it,
Cytoplasm - jellylike substance, site for most chemical reactions in a cell, Nucleus - stores DNA and controls activities of the cell,
Mitochondria - structures that release energy for the cell by aerobic respiration

Question 2

What are ribosomes?

Answer 2

The site of protein synthesis; found in all cells

Question 3

Which cell structures are only found in plant cells?

Answer 3

Chloroplasts - contain chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis;
Vacuole - structures filled with cell sap that take up most of the space within the cell, used to help the cell stay rigid;
Cell wall - outer layer of the cell which gives shape and structure. Prevents cell from bursting when it absorbs water

Question 4

What cell structures do bacteria cells contain?

Answer 4

Cell walls, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA which contains genetic material but is not covered by a membrane and plasmids which contain small loops of DNA

Question 5

Describe 2 types of specialized plant cells

Answer 5

Root hair cell - has finger like extension which increase its surface area to volume ratio for faster absorption of mineral ions and water
Palisade mesophyll cell - contains may chloroplasts and has a tall box shape that absorbs a lot of light to help it perform photosynthesis faster

Question 6

Name 5 specialized animal cells

Answer 6

Ciliated epithelial cell - has hair like extensions which help it move mucus in the respiratory and reproductive systems
Neuron - has long axons (connections channels) which can carry impulses to distant parts of the body
Red blood cell - has no nucleus and biconcave shape that provides large sa:volume ratio for absorption to happen faster so that ut can transport more oxygen around the body via the bloodstream
Egg cell - contains yolk (food for the new organism to use in the early stages of development). Sexual reproduction
Sperm cell - has a long tail that allows it to travel to the egg and many mitochondria to provide it the energy it needs. Sexual reproduction