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VCE Psychology Units 3&4 > Unit 4 AOS 2 - What Influences Wellbeing? > Flashcards

Unit 4 AOS 2 - What Influences Wellbeing? Flashcards

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1
Q

Mental health

A

Mental health the current state of a person’s psychological wellbeing and functioning

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2
Q

Mental health continuum

A

Mental health continuum
a tool used to track progression of mental health which constantly fluctuates over time, progressing from mentally healthy, to mental health problems, to mental
health disorders

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3
Q

Mentally healthy

A

Mentally healthy a psychological state that allows an individual
to function independently
and effectively within their environment, display resilience and have high social and emotional wellbeing

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4
Q

Mental health problem

A

Mental health problem
a psychological state that is temporarily hindered by the presence of a disturbance to normal functioning, which has negative, but not severe impacts on everyday functioning

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5
Q

Mental health disorder

A

Mental health disorder
a psychological state characterised by the presence
of a severe disturbance and sense of distress which significantly impacts an individual’s ability
to function independently

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6
Q

Internal factors

A

Internal factors factors which arise from within the individual and contribute to their
mental health

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7
Q

External factors

A

External factors factors which arise from the environment of an individual and contribute to their mental health

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8
Q

Functioning

A

Functioning the way in which an individual approaches everyday demands and operates within their environment

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9
Q

High levels of functioning

A

High levels of functioning
the ability for an individual to approach day-to-day tasks independently and effectively meet everyday demands

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10
Q

Wellbeing

A

Wellbeing a state in which an individual is mentally, physically, and socially healthy and secure

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11
Q

Social wellbeing

A

Social wellbeing the ability for an individual to form bonds with others and maintain positive relationships

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12
Q

Emotional wellbeing

A

Emotional wellbeing the ability for an individual to appropriately control and express their own emotions in an adaptive way, as well as understand the emotions of others

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13
Q

Resilience

A

Resilience the ability to adapt to the environment and cope when stressors arise in order to return to a functioning state

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14
Q

Informed consent

A

Informed consent ensuring participants have a thorough understanding of the procedures involved in the research they are partaking in, including potential harm or risks, and still willingly agree to participate

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15
Q

Placebo

A

Placebo a procedure or substance with no active treatment

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16
Q

The placebo effect

A

The placebo effect changes to an individual’s mental or physical state as a result of a false belief in the effects of a placebo substance or procedure

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17
Q

The Four P model

A

The Four P model a framework to understand the impact of different factors on the development and progression of a mental health disorder

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18
Q

Predisposing risk factor

A

Predisposing risk factor a risk factor that increases an individual’s susceptibility to developing a mental health disorder

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19
Q

Precipitating risk factor

A

Precipitating risk factor a
risk factor that increases the susceptibility to and contributes to the occurrence of developing a mental health disorder

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20
Q

Perpetuating risk factor

A

Perpetuating risk factor a risk factor that inhibits a person’s ability to recover from a mental health disorder

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21
Q

Protective factor

A

Protective factor a factor that prevents the occurrence or re-occurrence of mental health disorders

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22
Q

The biopsychosocial model

A

The biopsychosocial model a framework for approaching mental health that suggests that biological, psychological and social factors
all interact and contribute to the development of mental illness

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23
Q

Biological risk factors

A

Biological risk factors factors relating to the body that increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder

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24
Q

Genetic vulnerability

A

Genetic vulnerability a person’s genetic predisposition that increases their susceptibility
to developing a mental health disorder

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25
Q

Poor response to medication

A

Poor response to medication when medication is not effective due to genetic factors

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26
Q

Poor sleep

A

Poor sleep inadequate sleep quality or quantity

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27
Q

Substance use

A

Substance use use of either legal or illegal drugs

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28
Q

Psychological risk factors

A

Psychological risk factors factors relating to cognitive and affective functioning that increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder

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29
Q

Rumination

A

Rumination repeatedly focusing on negative psychological thoughts and experiences

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30
Q

Impaired reasoning and memory

A

Impaired reasoning and memory cognitive biases that limit a person’s ability to think about an event in a rational, constructive way and to remember it accurately

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31
Q

Stress

A

Stress psychological and biological process that occurs when an individual does not feel as though they have adequate resources to cope with a stressor

32
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Self-efficacy a person’s confidence in their ability to complete tasks and meet goals

33
Q

Social risk factors

A

Social risk factors factors relating to an individual’s interaction with their external environment and other people that increase the
risk of developing a mental health disorder

34
Q

Disorganised attachment

A

Disorganised attachment the inconsistent behaviour displayed by an infant towards their main caregiver when they are not provided with consistent and adequate support

35
Q

Loss of a significant relationship

A

Loss of a significant relationship
losing a relationship that involved considerable emotional attachment

36
Q

Stigma

A

Stigma a mark of shame or disgrace experienced by an individual for a characteristic that distinguishes them from others

37
Q

Cumulative risk

A

Cumulative risk the significantly increased risk of developing a mental health disorder that occurs when an individual has multiple risk factors present in their lives at the same time

38
Q

Stress

A

Stress a psychological and biological process that occurs when an individual encounters a stressor

39
Q

Anxiety

A

Anxiety a psychological and physiological response that involves feelings of worry and apprehension

40
Q

Specific phobia

A

Specific phobia a type of anxiety disorder that is categorised by excessive and disproportionate fear when encountering a particular stimulus

41
Q

GABA dysfunction

A

GABA dysfunction an insufficient neural transmission or reception of GABA in the body

42
Q

Biological stress response

A

Biological stress response the activation of autonomic nervous system responses in the face of a stressor

43
Q

Long-term potentiation

A

Long-term potentiation the long- lasting and experience-dependent strengthening of synaptic connections

44
Q

Precipitating risk factor

A

Precipitating risk factor a
risk factor that increases the susceptibility to and contributes to the occurence of developing a mental health disorder

45
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Classical conditioning a model of learning in which organisms learn through the involuntary association of two or more stimuli

46
Q

Perpetuating risk factor

A

Perpetuating risk factor a risk factor that inhibits a person’s ability to recover from a mental health disorder

47
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Operant conditioning learning through the association of a behaviour and the consequence it receives

48
Q

Cognitive bias

A

Cognitive bias a predisposition to think about and process information in a certain way

49
Q

Memory bias

A

Memory bias a form of cognitive bias caused by inaccuracy or exaggeration in the recall of an event

50
Q

Catastrophic thinking

A

Catastrophic thinking a kind of cognitive bias in which a stimulus or event is predicted to be far worse than it is likely to be in reality

51
Q

Specific environmental triggers

A

Specific environmental triggers
stimuli or experiences in a person’s environment that prompt an extreme stress response

52
Q

Stigma around seeking treatment

A

Stigma around seeking treatment
the sense of shame a person might feel about getting professional help

53
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Benzodiazepines a type of short- acting anti-anxiety medication that works to reduce anxiety

54
Q

Agonists

A

Agonists a type of drug that imitates neurotransmitters and works to initiate a neural response (excitatory or inhibitory) when it binds to the receptor sites of
a neuron

55
Q

Antagonist

A

Antagonist a type of drug
that works to prevent a neural response (excitatory or inhibitory) by blocking the receptor sites of
a neuron

56
Q

Breathing retraining

A

Breathing retraining a method used to teach someone breathing control techniques that they can apply when facing their phobic stimulus

57
Q

Exercise

A

Exercise the performance of physical activity to improve a person’s health and wellbeing

58
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) a form of psychotherapy which encourages individuals to substitute unhealthy cognitions and behaviours with more healthy ones.

59
Q

Systematic desensitisation

A

Systematic desensitisation a therapy technique used to overcome phobia involving a patient being exposed incrementally to increasingly anxiety-inducing stimuli, combined with the use of relaxation techniques.

60
Q

Psychoeducation

A

Psychoeducation teaching individuals to better understand mental disorders and how to deal with and treat them

61
Q

Adversity

A

Adversity the experience of a difficult or distressing situation

62
Q

Resilience

A

Resilience the ability to adapt to the environment and cope when stressors arise in order to return to a functioning state

63
Q

Protective factor

A

Protective factor a factor that prevents the occurrence or re-occurrence of mental health disorders

64
Q

Biological protective factors

A

Biological protective factors
factors that increase resilience by supporting healthy physiological functioning

65
Q

Adequate diet

A

Adequate diet a diet in which
a person is provided with the nutrients and energy required to function healthily and effectively

66
Q

Adequate sleep

A

Adequate sleep having enough and the right type of uninterrupted REM and NREM sleep in order to function healthily and effectively

67
Q

Psychological protective factors

A

Psychological protective factors
factors that promote resilience by supporting a person’s mental and cognitive functioning

68
Q

Cognitive and behavioural strategies

A

Cognitive and behavioural strategies the techniques of cognitive behavioural therapy used to promote an individual’s psychological resilience

69
Q

Social protective factors

A

Social protective factors
factors that increase resilience by providing social support

70
Q

Social support

A

Social support the provision of assistance and care from family, friends, or the community

71
Q

Transtheoretical model of behaviour change

A

Transtheoretical model of behaviour change a model which assesses an individual’s readiness to change by looking at the different stages an individual may progress through as they move towards healthier behaviour

72
Q

Pre-contemplation stage

A

Pre-contemplation stage during this stage the individual is unaware that their behaviour is problematic or unhealthy and has no intention to change their behaviour in the next six months

73
Q

Contemplation stage

A

Contemplation stage during this stage the individual is aware that their behaviour is problematic
or unhealthy and is considering taking action within the next
six months, but has no active commitment to do so

74
Q

Preparation stage

A

Preparation stage during this stage the individual has begun
to take an active commitment towards changing their behaviour within the next 30 days

75
Q

Action stage

A

Action stage during this stage the individual has made distinct behaviour change for less than six months

76
Q

Maintenance stage

A

Maintenance stage during this stage the individual has made distinct behaviour change for more than six months and is working to prevent relapse

77
Q

Relapse

A

Relapse a setback involving the return to a problem behaviour

VCE Psychology Units 3&4 (5 decks)

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