Unit 4 AOS 2 - What Influences Wellbeing? Flashcards
Mental health
Mental health the current state of a person’s psychological wellbeing and functioning
Mental health continuum
Mental health continuum
a tool used to track progression of mental health which constantly fluctuates over time, progressing from mentally healthy, to mental health problems, to mental
health disorders
Mentally healthy
Mentally healthy a psychological state that allows an individual
to function independently
and effectively within their environment, display resilience and have high social and emotional wellbeing
Mental health problem
Mental health problem
a psychological state that is temporarily hindered by the presence of a disturbance to normal functioning, which has negative, but not severe impacts on everyday functioning
Mental health disorder
Mental health disorder
a psychological state characterised by the presence
of a severe disturbance and sense of distress which significantly impacts an individual’s ability
to function independently
Internal factors
Internal factors factors which arise from within the individual and contribute to their
mental health
External factors
External factors factors which arise from the environment of an individual and contribute to their mental health
Functioning
Functioning the way in which an individual approaches everyday demands and operates within their environment
High levels of functioning
High levels of functioning
the ability for an individual to approach day-to-day tasks independently and effectively meet everyday demands
Wellbeing
Wellbeing a state in which an individual is mentally, physically, and socially healthy and secure
Social wellbeing
Social wellbeing the ability for an individual to form bonds with others and maintain positive relationships
Emotional wellbeing
Emotional wellbeing the ability for an individual to appropriately control and express their own emotions in an adaptive way, as well as understand the emotions of others
Resilience
Resilience the ability to adapt to the environment and cope when stressors arise in order to return to a functioning state
Informed consent
Informed consent ensuring participants have a thorough understanding of the procedures involved in the research they are partaking in, including potential harm or risks, and still willingly agree to participate
Placebo
Placebo a procedure or substance with no active treatment
The placebo effect
The placebo effect changes to an individual’s mental or physical state as a result of a false belief in the effects of a placebo substance or procedure
The Four P model
The Four P model a framework to understand the impact of different factors on the development and progression of a mental health disorder
Predisposing risk factor
Predisposing risk factor a risk factor that increases an individual’s susceptibility to developing a mental health disorder
Precipitating risk factor
Precipitating risk factor a
risk factor that increases the susceptibility to and contributes to the occurrence of developing a mental health disorder
Perpetuating risk factor
Perpetuating risk factor a risk factor that inhibits a person’s ability to recover from a mental health disorder
Protective factor
Protective factor a factor that prevents the occurrence or re-occurrence of mental health disorders
The biopsychosocial model
The biopsychosocial model a framework for approaching mental health that suggests that biological, psychological and social factors
all interact and contribute to the development of mental illness
Biological risk factors
Biological risk factors factors relating to the body that increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder
Genetic vulnerability
Genetic vulnerability a person’s genetic predisposition that increases their susceptibility
to developing a mental health disorder
Poor response to medication
Poor response to medication when medication is not effective due to genetic factors
Poor sleep
Poor sleep inadequate sleep quality or quantity
Substance use
Substance use use of either legal or illegal drugs
Psychological risk factors
Psychological risk factors factors relating to cognitive and affective functioning that increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder
Rumination
Rumination repeatedly focusing on negative psychological thoughts and experiences
Impaired reasoning and memory
Impaired reasoning and memory cognitive biases that limit a person’s ability to think about an event in a rational, constructive way and to remember it accurately
Stress
Stress psychological and biological process that occurs when an individual does not feel as though they have adequate resources to cope with a stressor
Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy a person’s confidence in their ability to complete tasks and meet goals
Social risk factors
Social risk factors factors relating to an individual’s interaction with their external environment and other people that increase the
risk of developing a mental health disorder
Disorganised attachment
Disorganised attachment the inconsistent behaviour displayed by an infant towards their main caregiver when they are not provided with consistent and adequate support
Loss of a significant relationship
Loss of a significant relationship
losing a relationship that involved considerable emotional attachment
Stigma
Stigma a mark of shame or disgrace experienced by an individual for a characteristic that distinguishes them from others
Cumulative risk
Cumulative risk the significantly increased risk of developing a mental health disorder that occurs when an individual has multiple risk factors present in their lives at the same time
Stress
Stress a psychological and biological process that occurs when an individual encounters a stressor
Anxiety
Anxiety a psychological and physiological response that involves feelings of worry and apprehension
Specific phobia
Specific phobia a type of anxiety disorder that is categorised by excessive and disproportionate fear when encountering a particular stimulus
GABA dysfunction
GABA dysfunction an insufficient neural transmission or reception of GABA in the body
Biological stress response
Biological stress response the activation of autonomic nervous system responses in the face of a stressor
Long-term potentiation
Long-term potentiation the long- lasting and experience-dependent strengthening of synaptic connections
Precipitating risk factor
Precipitating risk factor a
risk factor that increases the susceptibility to and contributes to the occurence of developing a mental health disorder
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning a model of learning in which organisms learn through the involuntary association of two or more stimuli
Perpetuating risk factor
Perpetuating risk factor a risk factor that inhibits a person’s ability to recover from a mental health disorder
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning learning through the association of a behaviour and the consequence it receives
Cognitive bias
Cognitive bias a predisposition to think about and process information in a certain way
Memory bias
Memory bias a form of cognitive bias caused by inaccuracy or exaggeration in the recall of an event
Catastrophic thinking
Catastrophic thinking a kind of cognitive bias in which a stimulus or event is predicted to be far worse than it is likely to be in reality
Specific environmental triggers
Specific environmental triggers
stimuli or experiences in a person’s environment that prompt an extreme stress response
Stigma around seeking treatment
Stigma around seeking treatment
the sense of shame a person might feel about getting professional help
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines a type of short- acting anti-anxiety medication that works to reduce anxiety
Agonists
Agonists a type of drug that imitates neurotransmitters and works to initiate a neural response (excitatory or inhibitory) when it binds to the receptor sites of
a neuron
Antagonist
Antagonist a type of drug
that works to prevent a neural response (excitatory or inhibitory) by blocking the receptor sites of
a neuron
Breathing retraining
Breathing retraining a method used to teach someone breathing control techniques that they can apply when facing their phobic stimulus
Exercise
Exercise the performance of physical activity to improve a person’s health and wellbeing
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) a form of psychotherapy which encourages individuals to substitute unhealthy cognitions and behaviours with more healthy ones.
Systematic desensitisation
Systematic desensitisation a therapy technique used to overcome phobia involving a patient being exposed incrementally to increasingly anxiety-inducing stimuli, combined with the use of relaxation techniques.
Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation teaching individuals to better understand mental disorders and how to deal with and treat them
Adversity
Adversity the experience of a difficult or distressing situation
Resilience
Resilience the ability to adapt to the environment and cope when stressors arise in order to return to a functioning state
Protective factor
Protective factor a factor that prevents the occurrence or re-occurrence of mental health disorders
Biological protective factors
Biological protective factors
factors that increase resilience by supporting healthy physiological functioning
Adequate diet
Adequate diet a diet in which
a person is provided with the nutrients and energy required to function healthily and effectively
Adequate sleep
Adequate sleep having enough and the right type of uninterrupted REM and NREM sleep in order to function healthily and effectively
Psychological protective factors
Psychological protective factors
factors that promote resilience by supporting a person’s mental and cognitive functioning
Cognitive and behavioural strategies
Cognitive and behavioural strategies the techniques of cognitive behavioural therapy used to promote an individual’s psychological resilience
Social protective factors
Social protective factors
factors that increase resilience by providing social support
Social support
Social support the provision of assistance and care from family, friends, or the community
Transtheoretical model of behaviour change
Transtheoretical model of behaviour change a model which assesses an individual’s readiness to change by looking at the different stages an individual may progress through as they move towards healthier behaviour
Pre-contemplation stage
Pre-contemplation stage during this stage the individual is unaware that their behaviour is problematic or unhealthy and has no intention to change their behaviour in the next six months
Contemplation stage
Contemplation stage during this stage the individual is aware that their behaviour is problematic
or unhealthy and is considering taking action within the next
six months, but has no active commitment to do so
Preparation stage
Preparation stage during this stage the individual has begun
to take an active commitment towards changing their behaviour within the next 30 days
Action stage
Action stage during this stage the individual has made distinct behaviour change for less than six months
Maintenance stage
Maintenance stage during this stage the individual has made distinct behaviour change for more than six months and is working to prevent relapse
Relapse
Relapse a setback involving the return to a problem behaviour
