Unit 4 AOS 1 - How Is Wellbeing Developed And Maintained? Flashcards
psychological construct
an agreed upon description and understanding of psychological phenomena which cannot be overtly measured or observed
consciousness
Consciousness the awareness of internal and external stimuli
Consciousness continuum
Consciousness continuum a progression of states of consciousness ranging from least aware to most aware
Normal waking consciousness
Normal waking consciousness (NWC) the state of being awake and aware of internal and external stimuli
Altered states of consciousness
Altered states of consciousness (ASC) a state of consciousness that is characterised by different levels of awareness as compared to normal waking consciousness
Naturally occurring altered states of consciousness
Naturally occurring altered states of consciousness a type of altered state of consciousness that occurs without intervention
Induced altered states of consciousness
Induced altered states of consciousness a type of altered state of consciousness that occurs due to a purposeful action or aid
Levels of awareness
Levels of awareness the degree to which an individual is conscious of stimuli
automatic processes
Automatic processes tasks that require low levels of mental processing
Controlled processes
Controlled processes tasks that require high levels of mental processing
Content limitations
Content limitations a restraint placed on the thoughts that are occurring in a person’s mind
Perceptual and cognitive distortions
Perceptual and cognitive distortions atypical (abnormal) variation in the way an individual interprets and processes stimuli
Emotional awareness
Emotional awareness the understanding and control people have over their feelings, as well as the ability to accurately perceive the emotions of others
Self-control
Self-control a person’s ability to restrain or hold composure over their thoughts, feelings and actions
Time orientation
Time orientation the perception of how much or how little time has elapsed, and the ability to situate things in the past, present or future
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Electroencephalograph (EEG) a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the brain
Electromyograph (EMG)
Electromyograph (EMG) a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the body’s muscles
Electro–oculograph (EOG)
Electro–oculograph (EOG) a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of the muscles surrounding the eyes
Cognitive tasks
Cognitive tasks a form of assessment that measures some aspect/s of a person’s
thought processes
Speed
Speed the rate at which a person responds to a stimulus in a task
Accuracy
Accuracy the precision with which a person completes a task
Subjective reporting
Subjective reporting a method of data collection involving accounts directly from the individual about some aspect of their behaviour, biology or psychology
Sleep diaries
Sleep diaries a record from an individual containing qualitative descriptions of the amount and nature of their sleep over a certain period of time
Video monitoring
Video monitoring a type of data collection involving video and sound recordings of an individual in their sleeping period
brain wave
Brain wave a pattern of electrical current in the brain caused by neurons communicating, visually represented as a wave
Frequency
Frequency a measurement indicating how many brain waves there are per second, visually represented as how close the waves appear together
Amplitude
Amplitude a measurement indicating the intensity of an electric current in the brain, visually represented as the height of the wave peaks
Beta waves
Beta waves fast, small brain waves with high frequency and low amplitude, indicating high levels of alertness
Alpha waves
Alpha waves medium sized brain waves with medium-high frequency and low-medium amplitude, indicating an alert but relaxed state
Theta waves
Theta waves medium sized brain waves with low-medium frequency and medium-high amplitude, indicating low levels of alertness
Delta waves
Delta waves slow and large brain waves with low frequency and high amplitude, indicating very low levels of alertness
Stimulants
Stimulants a class of drugs that increase central nervous system and body activity, increasing levels of alertness compared to NWC
Depressants
Depressants a class of drugs that reduce central nervous system and body activity, reducing levels of alertness compared to NWC
Sleep
Sleep a regular and naturally- occurring altered state of consciousness that involves disengagement with internal and external stimuli
Circadian rhythm
Circadian rhythm changes to our physiological function or activity that occur as part of a cycle that lasts around 24 hours
Sleep-wake cycle
Sleep-wake cycle a daily cycle that is made up of time spent sleeping and time being awake and alert
Ultradian rhythm
Ultradian rhythm changes in physiological function of activity that arise as part of a cycle which occurs within 24 hours
Sleep episode
Sleep episode the full duration of time spent asleep
Sleep cycle
Sleep cycle a proportion of a sleep episode in which the sleeper progresses through stages of REM and NREM sleep, lasting on average 90 minutes for humans
REM (Rapid eye movement) sleep
REM (Rapid eye movement) sleep a type of sleep where the sleeper experiences rapid eye movement beneath closed eyelids
NREM (Non rapid eye movement) sleep
NREM (Non rapid eye movement) sleep a type of sleep that is subdivided into four different stages, where the sleeper does not experience any rapid eye movement
Evolutionary theory of sleep (also known as circadian theory of sleep)
Evolutionary theory of sleep (also known as circadian theory of sleep) a theory that proposes that sleep is adaptive and has evolved to meet specific
survival needs
Restoration theory of sleep
Restoration theory of sleep
a theory that proposes that sleep replenishes psychological and physiological function
Sleep deprivation
Sleep deprivation inadequate duration, or poor quality of sleep
Total/full sleep deprivation
Total/full sleep deprivation when an individual has no sleep within a 24 hour period
Partial sleep deprivation
Partial sleep deprivation when an individual sleeps for some duration within a 24 hour period, but the sleep duration is too short, or the quality of sleep is poor
Affect
Affect the expression of emotions
Amplified emotional response
Amplified emotional response disproportionate emotional reactions in response to an event or stimuli
Cognition
Cognition the mental processes an individual performs in order to understand and process information
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) a measure of how much alcohol is in a person’s blood
Cognition
Cognition the mental processes an individual performs in order to understand and process information
Concentration
Concentration the ability to focus on certain stimuli or tasks
Mood
Mood the emotional state a person is in at a given time
Circadian phase disorder
Circadian phase disorder a sleep disorder which interferes with the normal regulation of the circadian rhythm of sleep, leading to a change in the sleep-wake cycle
Sleep-wake cycle shift in adolescence
Sleep-wake cycle shift in adolescence a type of circadian phase disorder where adolescents experience delayed sleep-onset and hence delayed wake
Jet lag
Jet lag the mismatch between an individual’s internal circadian rhythm and the time of their environment, which occurs after rapidly travelling across time zones
Sleep disorder
Sleep disorder a consistent presence of a particular sleep disturbance which has profound impacts on an individual’s sleep, leading to persistent effects on day to day functioning
Dyssomnias
Dyssomnias sleep disorders characterised by consistent problems with falling asleep, staying asleep, or timing sleep
Sleep-onset insomnia
Sleep-onset insomnia a type
of dyssomnia characterised by consistent difficulty initiating sleep
Parasomnias
Parasomnias a type of sleep disorder which involves engaging in abnormal activities or tasks while sleeping
Sleep-walking
Sleep-walking a type of parasomnia which involves standing up and undertaking actions or tasks while asleep
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) a form of psychotherapy which encourages individuals to substitute unhealthy cognitions and behaviours with healthier ones
Bright light therapy
Bright light therapy a method used to adjust a person’s circadian rhythm through exposure to a high-intensity light source
