Unit 4 Aos 2 Flashcards
List the WHO priorities
Achieving universal health coverage, addressing health emergencies, and promoting healthier population
How will WHO aim to address and achieve universal health coverage
Service access and quality of medicines, vaccines, and health products – WHO will ensure countries have appropriate access to affordable and quality medicines vaccines and health products as the main cause of financial hardship is the expense of essential medicines.
Advocacy for human rights such as global awareness of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and for investments in health systems.
How will WHO aim to address health emergencies
Building and sustaining resilient national, regional, and global capacities required to keep the world safe from epidemics and other health emergencies
Increasing health emergency detection through early warning and emergency preparedness schemes and response by implementing International Health Regulations (IHR).
How will WHO aim to achieve promoting healthier populations
Tackling antimicrobial resistance – By working with countries to support their elimination efforts for preventable, treatable, communicable diseases and infections such as viral hepatitis, neglected tropical disease such as dengue
Outline the two components of universal health coverage
Access to health services: access to the services needed to achieve good health including health promotion, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Financial protection: financial protection that prevents ill-health from leading to poverty which works to address health inequities.
Types of aid
Emergency, bilateral, multilateral, non government
Who does Australian provide aid to?
The Indo-pacific of pacific regions in countries such as Indonesia, Papua New Guinea South and East Asia, South and West Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa
Three features of Australia’s aid program
promoting prosperity, reducing poverty and enhancing stability.
Purpose of Australia’s aid program
To promote Australia’s national interest by contributing to sustainable economic grown and poverty reduction
Outline an example of Australia’s aid program at work
Allowing more women in Fiji to run businesses of ecologically sustainable handicrafts through the Women’s Fund Fiji. With their products being sold in international markets the profit is helping their families in their villages sustaining a steady source of income for its artisans. Thus, its success has caused women to diversify in oyster mushroom farming with women feeling ‘confident to lead other women and also speak out [as they] are doing work that men do’.
The programs or work of World Vision include…
Emergency relief, advocacy and collaboration, and long-term development projects
World Vision projects have an emphasis on…
The needs of children, long-term viability and sustainability, and HIV and AIDS education and prevention
List the elements used to evaluate the effectives of a program
Ownership, partnerships, results focused, transparency and accountability
World Vision is funded by
The Australian government, child sponsorship, or fundraising such as the 40-Hour Famine
Ownership
Effectiveness is rooted in involving local people who are most in need by respecting their values, culture, customs, and rights which will make a program more likely to be accepted by the local people increasing involvement resulting in the programs success. Understands and meets a real need in the community providing significant improvements in a culturally appropriate, culturally friendly way, delivered in the local language that is accessible for everyone.
Partnerships
Partnerships provide strengths in a program by incorporating more than one stakeholder such as non-government organizations (NGO’s) or multilateral or bilateral aid partnerships. Openness, trust, and mutual respect are at the core of effective partnerships with each partner needing to recognize and value the contribution of the others
Results focused
Focused on achieving a specific set of goals or aims that offer long-term sustainable solutions which seek to eradicate poverty and reducing inequalities. Through measuring the success of the program and its attained results, it can be seen how effective it is in meeting its goals or aims
Transparency and accountability
Ensuring all necessary information available?
Ensuring the funds going where they are meant to
Is the program funded by a company or organization who stands to gain
Describe 3 examples of social change (action)
Individuals can volunteer their time to assist in raising funds or be part of a volunteer program designed to improve the lives of others and their communities; Donating time, money or things
Using purchasing power to buy products that support actions to promote social groups, where the profits can be used to bring about social change; Ethical purchasing
The Earth has a finite supply of many resources and it is important to use only what is needed to promote sustainable future for generations to come; Think sustainably & don’t waste
Aid
Assistance given to countries or communities in the event of a crisis or for the development of long-term sustainable improvements
Achieving universal health coverage
A public health idea that means receiving the health services you need, when and where you need them, without facing financial hardship.
Addressing health emergencies
Every country is vulnerable to epidemics, we need to ensure that we are prepared for emergencies and work with countries to improve emergency risk management capabilities.
Expert aid
A type of aid the Australian government contributes to that uses Australian companies and individual experts to develop projects that will address the Australian government’s aid priorities
Non-government organizations (NGO’s)
Non-for-profit groups that are organized on local, national, or international levels and take different approaches to aid such as through emergency aid, volunteering, or health and development, often focused on communities, and aim to improve conditions and provide opportunities and choice
Promoting healthier populations
A focus on achievement of HWB all across the lifespan, aim to decrease maternal, child, infant mortality rates, reduce diseases such as HIV
Social action
Social action refers to intentional efforts taken by individuals or groups to address social issues, promote positive change, and improve the well-being of communities or society as a whole
Tabitha foundation
A sustainable non-government organisation (NGO) developed in 1994 that provides high-impact community develop programs with a mission of enabling the poorest of the poor in Cambodia to recognize and develop inherent skills and resources in a way that brings dignity and respect measurable through visible improvement in lifestyle. Additionally with a vision to develop processes which enable people to actively make their own choices and processes alleviating poverty
World health organisation (WHO)
Established in 1948, an organization that is the United Nations (UN) agency for promoting good health for all that is working with more than 150 countries with a goal to build a better healthier future for all people all over the world
World Vision
A non-governmental (NGO) humanitarian development agencies that provides short-and-long term assistance to millions of people worldwide including children, families, and communities to overcome poverty and injustice through relief, development, policy advocacy, change, collaboration, and education about poverty
List 2 Tabitha foundation programs
House building, and the water source program
Define emergency aid
The rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relive suffering, during and after human-made emergencies such as wars and natural disasters (such as a flood, tsunami, or earthquake)
Provide examples of emergency aid
Medical and emergency personnel, sanitation, medicine, food, clean water, and or temporary shelter
Outline the strengths and limitations of emergency aid
S: Provides immediate relief, and ensures basic needs are met.
L: Rarely addresses long-term health issues, or the underlying cause of the health issues present, therefore it becomes unable to be a sustainable in the long-term.
Define bilateral aid
Aid that is given by the government of one country directly to the government of another country that usually happens between high-and low-income countries
Provide examples of bilateral aid
At a small scale this can include immunization programs, and at a large scale this can include improving water supply through the provision of dams or irrigation systems
Outline the strengths and limitations of bilateral aid
S:
• Build international relationships
• Focuses on addressing factors that contribute to differences in health
• Focuses on SDGs
• Range of focus from small (local) to big (national) projects
L:
• Can be percieved as being politically motivated
• Can favour the interests of the high-income country
Define multilateral aid
Combines donations from international organizations such as the WHO, the UN or the World Bank and from a number of high-income countries and then distributes them to the recipients, who are usually middle- and low-income countries.
Provide examples of multilateral aid
Medical programs such as large-scale vaccinations to reduce the burden of disease such as polio.
Outline the strengths and limitations of multilateral aid
S: • Countries working together to achieve SDGs, Can provide emergency relief, • has the potential to reach many people
L: Requires high-income countries to contribute funding, Requires the above to distribute funds to areas of need
Gender equality: empowering women and girls
Addressing the core issues such as gender equality and women’s empowerment that if abolished will lead to security, stability, and full health and wellbeing especially seen in the Indo-Pacific region
Infrastructure, trade facilitation, and international competitiveness
Building adequate infrastructure for places that need it, safe roads, safe buildings, healthcare and medical facilities etc. This drives economic growth
Focuses on developing infrastructure to partnering countries, water-resource management, renewable energy, boosting trade opportunities
Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies
Governance influences ability to develop good policies that actually just and equal for all people. Equitably promoting stability and peace, reducing poverty, improving gender equality.
- Improving business regulations
- Building fairer tax systems
- Ensuring women and men can both work in government; take up leadership roles (IN AUSTRALIA)
Education and health
- Overcome poverty/release full potential
- Attaining primary education
- Improving number of people who finish school ($ issue)
Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk-reduction and social protection
• Responding to natural disasters with rapid emergency aid
• Providing funds to programs such as UN World Food Programme to address needs of hunger and food insecurity
• Working with countries to help build their resilience and reduce risk of impacts of future disasters
Agriculture, fisheries, and water
• Fishing = major source of income in low-middle income countries
• Productive agriculture = employment & income opportunities, empowering women, reducing poverty
• Water = resource for life, sustainability for future (overfishing threatens fish supplies)
• Strengthening markets: increase small-scale farmers participation in markets, adopting innovative proactivity and sustainable resources: improving food and agricultural productivity, promoting more efficiencies.
• Innovating for productive and sustainable use of natural resources
Ethical purchasing as a method of social action
Making conscious decisions to purchase ethical and fair products, such using individual purchasing power to buy products that support actions to promote social groups, where the profits can be used to bring about social change
Describe donations: time, money and things as a method of social action
As an individual, you can donate time, money or resources (such as clothing) to communities and organizations, or volunteer your time to work that will promote health and wellbeing
Describe think sustainably and don’t waste, as a method of social action
Live within your means and think about what you truly need rather than what you want.
Identify the objectives of the SDG’s
To end poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and address climate change
Describe 3 purposes of the SDG’s
They recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests;
Represents a partnership between high-income countries and low- and middle- income countries to create an environment at the national and global levels alike which is conducive to development and the elimination of poverty
Offer a vision of a fairer, more prosperous, peaceful, and sustainable world where no one is left behind
SDG 1 and it’s goal
SDG 1: No poverty
Goal: aims to end poverty in all its forms including extreme poverty
SDG 2 and it’s goal
SDG 2: Zero hunger
Goal: aims to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition and to achieve sustainable food production
SDG 3 and it’s goal
SDG 3:Good health and wellbeing
Goal: aims to ensure health and wellbeing for all at all ages by improving reproductive, maternal and child health; ending the epidemics of major communicable diseases.
Key features of SDG 3
- Reduce the global and maternal mortality ratio
- End preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age
- End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria/ other neglected tropic diseases, combat waterborne/communicable diseases
- Reduce premature mortality from NCD’s through prevention/treatment, promote HWB
- Prevent / strengthen treatment of substance abuse, incl. narcotic drug abuse, alcohol
- Reduce number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
- Ensure universal access to sexual/reproductive healthcare services
- Achieve universal health coverage, financial risk protection, access to quality essential healthcare, affordable medication
- Substantially reduce number of deaths from chemicals, air, water, pollution
- Strengthen implementation of WHO framework convention on tobacco control
- Support research and development of vaccines/medicines for CD and NCD that effect low-middle income countries, affordable medication
- Early warning, risk-reduction and manageable global health risks for low-middle income countries
SDG 6 and it’s goal
SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation
Goal: To ensure access to safe water sources and sanitation for all
SDG 13 and it’s goal
SDG 13: Climate action
Goal: reducing human impact on the limited natural resources to ensure sustainable development of ecosystems
SDG 4 and it’s goal
SDG 4: Quality Education
Goal: focusing on greater and more equitable access to education. Addressing importance of girls and boys having equal access to high quality education
SDG 5 and it’s goal
SDG 5: Gender Equality
Goal: empower women and girls to reach their full potential
What is the WaterAid program?
An international non-government organization dedicated to provision of clean and safe domestic water and sanitation and hygiene education to the world’s poorest people
What is WaterAid’s purpose?
Enables the world’s poorest people to gain access to clean water, decent toilets, and good hygiene, allowing them to unlock their potential
