Unit 4 - Animal Phyla Flashcards
Rapid fire questions on characteristics of animal Phyla
The group of animals in the Kingdom Animalia without a vertebral comumn
Invertebrates
Group of animals of the Kingdom Animalia with a vertebral column
Vertebrates
The characteristics of an animal that shows that it can be cut in one or more planes to obtain two mirror images
Symmetry
The characteristic of an animal that shows that it cannot be cut in any plane to obtain two mirror images
Asymmetrical
Type of symmetry present in an animal that can be cut in more than one vertical plane through its centre to obtain two mirror images
Radial symmetry
The type of symmetry present in an animal that can only be cut in one vertical plane through its centre to obtain two mirror images
Bilateral symmetry
A concentration of nerve cells at the anterior of the body
Cephalisation
The outer germ layer in a developimg animal embryo
Ectoderm
Inner germ layer in a developing animal embryo
Endoderm
The germ layer between the ecto- and endoderm on a developing animal embryo
Mesoderm
The characteristic of animals which indicates that the embryo has two germ layers
Diploblastic
The non-cellular jelly layer that separates the endo- and ectoderm
Mesoglea
The characteristic of animals which indicates that the embryo has three germ layers
Triploblastic
An interior fluid-filled cavity in the mesoderm of triploblastic animals
Coelom
Triploblastic animals with no coelom in the mesoderm
Acoekomates
Triploblastic animals which have a coelom but it is not only surrounded by mesoderm tissue
Pseudo-coelomates
Triploblastic with a true coelom in the mesoderm
Coelomates
The intake of foof
Ingestion
The removal of undigested remains
Egestion
The type of digestive process which occurs when new food can only be taken in once all food already ingested has been digested and the undigested remains are egested
Discontinuous
The type of digestive tract occurring in coelomate animals that have a mouth and an anus
Through gut
The type of digestive process that can continue during ingestion and digestion
Continuous
The phylum in the animal kingdom which includes sponges
Porifera
The level of organisation in the phylum Porifera where no tissue layers are present
Cellular level of organisation
The sedimentary lifestyle of sponges, where they are attached to a substrate
Sessile
The large opening on the top of a sponge with a vase shape
Osculum
The large central cavity in the sponge body
Spongocoel
Specialised cells which line the spongocoel and play a role in filter feeding
Collar cells
The protein fires that, together with the spicules, occur between the endo- and ectoderm of a sponge
Spongin
The phylum in the animal kingdom which includes blue bottles and jellyfish
Cnidaria
The central cavity, with a mouth opening to the outside, as found in Cnidaria
Coelenteron
The cylindrical, sessile body form with a basal disc found in Cnidaria
Polyp
The flattened, umbrella shape, free-swimming body form with tentacles on the edges and a mouth on the undersides as found in Cnidaria
Medusa
Specialised cells on the tentacles of Cnidaria adapted to catch, paralyse and grasp prey
Stinging cell
The invaginated, sac-like structure, the nematocyst, filled with a toxic fluid, which occurs in the stinging cell
Nematocyst
The trigger that responds to a chemical substance in animal prey
Cnidocil
The tissue layer in Cnidaria that is adapted for digestion and absorption of nutrients
Endoderm
The phylum in the animal kingdom which includes flatworms
Platyhelmenthes
The outer layer covering the epidermis, which protects parasitic flatworms against enzyme action in their hosts
Cuticle
The type of digestive tract occurring in some flatworms, with only one opening e.g. a mouth at the front
Sac-like gut
Process through which gases are transported in flatworms
Diffusion
Specialised cells in Platyhelmenthes responsible for excretion
Flame cells
Teh phylum in the animal kingdom which includes segmented worms
Annelida
The cavity in the mesoderm as found in the kindgom Annelida
Coelom
The germ layer that gives rise to the epidermis, cuticle and nervous system in Annelida
Ectoderm
The type of skeleton found in Annelida
Hydrostatic skeleton
The type of digestive tract, in Annelida, where a mouth and a us occur
Through gut
The type of blood system found in Annelida, where blood is restricted to blood vessels
Closed blood system
The excretory organs for nitrogenous waste in Annelida
Nephridia
The most advanced phylum of all invertebrates
Arthropoda
The type of skeleton found in crustaceans
Exoskeleton
The polysaccharide which occurs in the exoskeleton of Arthropoda
Chtiin
The reduced blood-filled coelom in Arthropoda
Haemocoel
The type of blood system found in Arthropoda, where the blood occurs in blood vessels, but is not restricted to blood vessels
Open blood system
The specialised organs for gaseous exchange found in insects
Tracheae
The most advanced phylum in the animal kingdom
Chordata
The dorsal, rod-like structure of connective tissue found in the embryonic stadia of animals belonging to the phylum Chordata
Notochord
The sub-phylum under which animals with vertebral colum are classified
Vertebrata
The type of symmetry found in members of the phylum Chordata
Bilateral symmetry
The type of skeleton found in Chordata
Endoskeleton
The specialised organs for gaseous exchange found in fish
Gills
The process through which dead plant and animal material are broken down to simple nutrients
Decomposition
The schematic representation used to indicate the evolutionary relationship between different groups of animals
Phylogenetic tree
