Unit 4 and 5 Flashcards

Question

Mahler Symph 4 general

Answer 1

1899-1901 German - Des Knaben Wunderhorn poem 4 movements large orchestra and Mezzo (4th mov only)

Answer 2

multimovement orchestral work 18th century Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven usually 4 movements 1 in sonata form

Answer 3

material heard in one movement recures in later movements structural unity Romantic composers mostly in symphony

Answer 4

``` G Major - Emajor Formal structure, strophic,rondo-like opens Sehr behaglich very comfortably Common time childs optimistic view of heaven, feast prepared by the saints ```

Answer 5

Orchestra intro - principal theme clarinet ppp folk melody tonic chord lyricism dotted figures grace notes harp gently in background angles Verse1: mexxo expansive prinTheme undulating melisma word Heaven harp pizzicato strings support woodwinds and triangle high G Saint Peter accomp homorythm chorale flutes, horns, harp parallel chords solemn archaic TRANS: parkling sleigh bells first mov. repeated note harsh gracenotes winds brass 16thnote woodwinds imitates strings string articulation varies con arco, pizz, col legno

Answer 6

prep for feast; leading lamb to slaughter mezzo broad descending phrase repated notes word painting little lamb twonote cleating figure oboes sublime high G the anlges TRANS: repeated in abbreviated form

Answer 7

About feast food mezzo variant of principal theme bounties of heaven- spirited angular melody concludes with chorale-like setting richly scored

Answer 8

about the angel's music marked very tenderly mysteriously to E major 'heavenly key' sentiments of text unorthodox modulating and ending closing measures recall cal opening feature Enghorn and harp

Answer 9

1875 - Basque village of Ciboure -> Paris father swiss, mother Basque piano 7 yrs 1889- Paris Conservetoire, paris world fair first- Menuet antique composition class Gabriel Faure popular, but didn't win Prix de Rome friends Les apaches:Richardo Vines, Erik Satie

Answer 10

``` popular as composer comfortable lifestyle 1909 comission Sergie Diagilev Les Ballet des Russes - Daphnis et Chloe orchestra wind machine 1915 WW1 ambulance driver 1917 mother dies slowed output Le tombeau dedication to war arrogant - rejected Chevalier of the Legion of Honour 1927 - USA visit friend with Gershwin honoary doctorate Oxford 1932 - injured taxi brain 1937 died in Paris brain surgery ```

Answer 11

tonal harmony with chrom bass lines traditional diatonic impressionist; modes, pentatonic, whole tone, paralell, unresolved 7 and 9th chords, aggregate chords neoClassicism, lean texture contrapun rich orchestra like debussy, Rimsky-Korsakov, Stravinsky spanish like mother Basque; Rapsodie espagnole, Bolero american jazz - piano concerto G, violin sonata Blues movement set french poetry symolists humor, gentle, charm

Answer 12

ochestra: Rapsodie espagnole, La valse concerto: piano for left hand, and G ballet; Daphnis, Bolero, Ma mere l'oyre opera: L;heure espagnole, l'enfant et les sortileges vocal; song collections Sheherazade, chansons madecasses, histoires naturelles chamber: SQ, pianoTrio, duosonata piano: Menuet antique, jeux d'eau, miroirs, gaspard de la nuit

Answer 13

1902 like Liszt piano les jeux d'eau.. Dedicated to faure, premiered by friend french poet Regnier 'river god laughs as water tickles him'

Answer 14

french disser to slide harp strumm all strings shimmering effect on piano; rapid ascending or descending slide on the keys

Answer 15

non traditional scale late 19,- 20th centuries six pitches whole tone spacing CDEF#G#A#(c)

Answer 16

5 pitches CDEGAC five black keys on piano folk music euro and asian culture

Answer 17

E major sonata form like allegretto common time

Answer 18

``` THEME1: RH introduces delicate arpeg melody 16th 32nd notes LH archors E major harmony language 7th 9th chords unresolved dolcissimo Theme2: new pentatonic LH octaves rapid harmonic seconds 16th triplets RH melody open chords parallel motion rippling 32nd notes LH tremolo figures momenturm constant pedal - shimmer TRANS: Theme2 polytonal unresolved 9th ```

Answer 19

new 5note melody RH supported by arpeggios chrom ascending passages inner voice gossamer harp maintains relentless drive from pp to fff culminates in a black-key glissando down

Answer 20

Theme1 restated over G# pedal harplike effect flashing septuplet rolled polytonality juxtaposition C major and f# major Theme2: un poso pie lento calm caressing Coda: concludes undulating harp RH

Answer 21

1881 - Hungary now Romania father headmaster, mother teacher also musicans piano with mom at 5 father died, six years of moving less schooling 1890's composing, dance pieces waltzes polkas piano program 1892 - first public concert includes his own piano composition 1894 - settled in Poszony, now Slovak Republic chapel organist local school Vienna Conservatory idol Erno Dohnanyi hungarian piano 1899 - Budapest Academy piano composition popular as pianist inspired by Strauss symph poem Also sprach Zarathustra

Answer 22

1903-1940 shy, health issues lungs first success nationlist symph poem Kossuth unqieu hungarian; folk music inspired 1905 - friend Zoltan Kodaly folk song collecting travelled extensively to collect instructor Budapest Academy over 20yrs inspired by Les Ballets Russes - 1917 - premier ballet The Rooden Prince successful led to opera Bluebeard's Castle 1923 - married student, one son performing again; popular gramaphone recordings concerts Europe 1928 - 2 month coast-coast USA exposed human rights, wanted to emigrate

Answer 23

1940 - toured USA again historic recording trio Contrasts Benny Goodman moved to USA, Colombia University NYC struggled financially 1943 hospitalized leukemia concerto commission by boston symphony 1945 - died in NYC

Answer 24

enthusiasm for Strauss post Romatic style hungarian folk, pentatonic, irregular ryth, dance expressionist opera Bluebeard influenced Debussy and Impressionism, Stravinsky primitivism percussive approach instrumental Out of Doors contrapunctal neoclassical fugue sonata rondo cyclic mirror forms, formal structure Fibonacci pedagogical works Mikrokosmos piano solos

Answer 25

opera: Bluebeard ballet: wooden prince, miraculous mandarin orchestral: Kossuth, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celeste, Concerto for orchestra concerto: 3 piano, 2 violin, viola vocal: Cantata profana, folk arrng chamber: 6 SQ, 2 violin sonata, contrasts, twopiano percussion sonata piano: Rumanian dances, mikro, allegro barbaro, sonatina, out of doors

Answer 26

``` 1943, 5 movements commission while in hospital done in 7 weeks begins in E Lydian end B Major rondolike ABACBA Allegretto changing meter ```

Answer 27

20th century time signature changes frquently rejection of standard patterns nonsymmetrical

Answer 28

short rythmic or melody pattern repated throughout

Answer 29

simultaneos use of two or more keys

Answer 30

parodies another composition or style | draws melody from preexisting work, new guise

Answer 31

nontraditional styles; scales back to antiquity | lydian mode EF#G#A#BC#D#E

Answer 32

Intro: violins, violas, cellos 4note motive unison tritone A: folk melody oboe tritone expanded by woodwinds, accomp by inversion syncopation lopsided asymmetrical feel changing meter B: calmo, cantabile, violas melody, loosely hungarian folk harps contrapunctal writting, canonic immitation

Answer 33

A1: abbreviated opening, increased disson C: interruption; clarinet melody from Shostakovich sym7 quotation crude - commentary on Nazi dissonance, brass glissandi tuba melody violin imitating inversted rich harmonic fabric modal, atonal, polytonal B1: sweeping melody returns dispells thicker string texture, muted, warmer A2: woodwinds fragm of opening flue cadenza softly sustain chord strings music dissolves gentle close

Answer 34

1891 Ukrain welloff family, father engineer, mother pianist lessons at 4 composed at 5, loved opera wrote 4 opers in youth lessons Reinhold Gliere russian pianist 1909 St. Petersburg Conservetory youngest ever ; wild playing percussive dissonant compositions teachers Rimsky-Korsakov 1910 - first piano sonata student moscow debut Rubinstein Prize upon graduation

Answer 35

1914-1953 London - Sergei Diaghilev - commissioned Scythian Suite 1918 to USA piano thrilled by critiqued savage comic opera Love for Three Oranges Chicago 1922 - paris and travelled international virtuoso pianist and composer strong connection still with Soviet nation 1936 - went back to Moscow, with wide and sons government censors visited hollywork new art of film scoring 1948 - married poet Mira Mendelssohn his assistant operas Betrothal in amonestary and war/Peave 1953- died same time as dictator Stalin

Answer 36

Classical: forms sonata, genres concerto, symh no1 Classical Lyrical: melodies lush harmony, Romeo Juliet Motoric: ryth cdrive moto perpetuum Toccata Search for Innovation: profressive unabashed dissonance, abrupt changes of key, unqieu approach piano, novel texture, percussive effects Diabolical Suggestion Russian nationalism quotes folk Alexander Nevsky impish scherzo crisp rythm staccato harmonic language tonality dissonant polytonality Sarcasm no2 virtuoso piano sonata concertos

Answer 37

opera: The gamber, love 3orange, Firey Angel, War.Peace ballet: ProdigalSon, RomJul, Cinderlla filmscore: AlexNevky, LieuKije, IvantheTerrible orches: 7 symph concerto: 5 piano, 2 violin, 1 cello chamber: 2 SQ conatas vocal: UglyDuck, ThreeRomances, 12RussianFolksongs solo pianoL 9 sonata, diabolical suggestion, sarcasms, vissions fugitives

Answer 38

``` 1936; from ballet into orchestral suite large orchestra with expanded percussion ternary no key Andante common time ```

Answer 39

dance often interprets a story 17th century cout of Louis the 14th 19th century ballet reached pinnicle at Russian court Russian dancers dominated throughout 20th century

Answer 40

art of designing dance steps and movements | ballet or musical

Answer 41

french for on point challenging dance technqieu in ballet; femansl traditional balance on toes with dance slippers with wooden box toe

Answer 42

group orchestral movements drawn from larger work programmatic played in concert setting

Answer 43

``` Intro: densley dissonant chords entire orchestral range extreme dynamics ppp to ff ominous atmosphere feud A: E minor, allegro pesante common time twomeasure E minor low strings low brass melody into bruqeu melody rising and falling tonis dominant minor arpeggios pesante, agressive dottednote noble arrogance syncopation more pungent chromatic inflectiond marcato, sharply angular wide span Dminor; stepwise ascending natural minor f by french horns in octaves incessant dotted leitmotif arrivals of the capulets passes through Aminor and F minor back to e minor perfect cadence ends ```

Answer 44

``` Eminor Moderato tranquillo 3/4 melody outlines ascending Eminor triad connection flutes, joined by clarinets harp, pizzicato strings, celesta etheral atmosphere Juliets first dance at the ball ; dolce A1: Eminor Allegro pesante 44 return abbreviated tenor sax main theme triplet figure final perfect cadence ```

Answer 45

``` 1874 Vienna Austria father shoe maker, died young left school worked at bank 5 years self-taught music cello, chamber with friends amateur orchestra Alexander Zemlinsky quest of religion, OrthoJew to Christianity to Judaism asthma, poor health ```

Answer 46

1901 married Zemlinsky's sister Mathilde to Berlin-conductor cabaret, moved a lot Teacher Stern Conservatory Berlin supported by Strauss 1903 Vienna private students - Webern studied art - expressionism 1908 abandoned tonality The Book of the Hanging Gardens published treatise on harmony serviced in WWI - depressed slowed output 1917 Vienna years of silence, worked on 12tone 1923 first 12tone compositions, wife died 1926 Berlin instructor composition Prussian Academy Arts

Answer 47

1933 rise of Nazi - left Germany; summer France then to Boston 1934 LA - lectured at USC and UCLA retired 70 1951 died in LA

Answer 48

method of composition Schoenberg organize atonal music fixed order of 12 chromatic pitches tone row dodecaphonic music

Answer 49

fixed order of 12 chromatic pitches basis of 12tone composition undergoes manipulation; transposition, inversion, retrograde, retro-inver

Answer 50

writing the tone row upside down

Answer 51

writing the tone row backwards

Answer 52

writing the tone row upside down and backwards

Answer 53

rhythmic device note values shortened | music sounds faster

Answer 54

Latin for law strict imitation of music line at fixed intervals used on whole work on inside

Answer 55

``` Post romantic until 1908 Expressionist 1908-1917 Years of Silence 1917-1923 Serialist 1923-1933 American 1933-1951 ```

Answer 56

atonality champion radically new 12 tone technique generally contracpuntal texture, chamber revolutionary, lots of opposition

Answer 57

``` 1908 Wagner, Mahler, Strauss programm chromatic, lush orchestra Verklarte Nacht (transfigured Night) ```

Answer 58

``` 1908-1917 rejections of tonality disjunct melody wide range Klangfarbenmelodie Sprechstimme polyphonic procedures masked dissonance Pierrot lunaire ```

Answer 59

1923-1933 12 tone Classical form sonata, rondo, vari, suite Variations for Orchestra op31

Answer 60

``` 1933-1951 greater style diversity, returns to tonal more liberal 12 tone more religious themes Survivor From Warsaw ```

Answer 61

opera: Erwartung one character, Moses und Aron vocal: oratorio Gurrelieder and Die Jakobsleiter, Kol Nidre, cantata A survivor of warsaw song cycle: Brettl Lieder, Das Buch der Hangenden, Pierrot lunaire orchestra: tone poem Pelleas und Melisande symph: 1,2, 5pcs for orchestra, variators for orch concertos: cello, viol, piano chamber: string sextet Verklarte Nacht piano: Three Piano Pcs, Six Little Pieces

Answer 62

``` 1912 song cycle sad clown italian tradition Sprechstimme sung and spoken story German originally French source: 21 poems Albert Giraud mezzo and 8 instruments (5 players) V,Violax2, Flute, Piccolox2, Clari/Bass,cello, piano) ```

Answer 63

``` German tone-color melody 20th century Schoenberg individual motes melody from different instruments wide range pointillism in painting angular melody sparse sound ```

Answer 64

post-Impressionist painting used dots of pure colour on canvas in music; Klangfarbenmelodie and contrapuntal lines

Answer 65

German speech-voice vocal technique Schoenberg pitched speaking singer initiates note then drops pitch slightly indicated with an 'x' on the stem of the note

Answer 66

poetic form 14th century 4 versus; 1 verse repeated in second and 4th in part in music; similar structure for works

Answer 67

``` voice, piccolo, clarinet, Vio, Cello, P atonal, rondeau Sehr rasche (very quickly) 3/4 TEXT: white fleck upsets pierrot rubs the spot but it's a moon beam ```

Answer 68

brisk angular sung sprechstimme pointillistic effect instruments complex weave contrapuntal complexities 3-voice figure piano with canon imitation other parts diminution and retrograde techniques vocal line spans a wide range; most expressionist

Answer 69

``` voice and all 8 instruments atonal, rondeau Bewegt, with motion Common time TEXT: Pierrot in sunlight yearns for joy and life's possibilities (nostalgic) ```

Answer 70

in contract; melody flowing lyrical consonance parallel third triads together ; traditional feeling hint of tonality Sprechstimme wistful, dream

Answer 71

1885-1935 Mahler ochestra and Wagner leitmotifs, Debussy wholetone/parallelchord Schoenberg teacher (12tone, expressionism) Balanced tonal and atonal linerla serial technique, tone row tonal traditional passacaglia, fugue, sonata, theme+var virtuosic works Sprechstimme and Klangferbenmelodie

Answer 72

opera: Wozzeck, Lulu unfinished vocal: Altenberg Lieder orchestra, Der Wein concert aria concerto: violin, chamber orchestra: Three Orchestral pcs op6 chamber: SQ, 4pcs for clarinet, lyric suite Piano: sonata op1

Answer 73

``` 1922 opera German 19th century play Woyzeck Georg Buchner libretto: Berg himself 2 acts 5 scenes each ``` ``` Bari Wozzeck Sop Marie boy soprano The Boy tenor The Captain bass The Doctor tenor The Drum Major ``` made into a movie 1970

Answer 74

Act1: Wozzeck taunted by Captain and Doctor to make him crazy, which is halfway already, suspected Marie's cheating Act2: Wozzeck sees Marie's gold earings sign of cheating with the drum major. Drum major beats him up Act3: Wozzeck meets marie under red mood; stabs her. later wades into the water and drowns. Final scene; little boy is abandonded by the children - portrays victims by no fault of their own at mercy of unfeeling world

Answer 75

Wozzeck returns to find the knife, throws into the pond then wades after it and drowns frentic angular vocal line wide range harp glissandi wth Wozzeck's cry Morder atonal harmony, chord clusters Srechstimme -Wozzeck delirium and drowning extended harp rises from depths bloodsoaked moon Captain/Doctor hear moanig dense 6nte chords, wellsup from low strings drowing

Answer 76

adagio, 3/4, Dmin meditation on Wozzeck's death lyricism recalls leitmotifs earlier full orchestra ppp to fff

Answer 77

Children playing; one says Marie's dead, and taunts the boy. boy doesn't understand till plays saying 'hopp, hopp' children playing - spirited melody nursery rhyme unison chorus pizzicato, strings stacato winds celesta, triangle bright mornig sun when the boy is alone, playing - descending perfect 4th sings undulating winds harp sustained strings unsettling close

Answer 78

1883-1945 Second Viennese school, Schoenberg teacher lyrisicm Schubert, Bruckner and Mahler Expressionism early 12tone radial strict approach almost total serialism doctoral thesis on Tenaissance polyphony Heinrich Isaac - contrapuntal canonic, palindromic traditional forms, absolute music Klangferbenmelodie

Answer 79

orchestra: Im Sommerwind, Passacaglia op1, Sym op21, Variations op30 vocal: Lieder, sacred, five canons, Daus augenlicht chmber: Bagatelles, chambr concerto piano: Kinderstuck, variations op27

Answer 80

1928 chamber symphony 2 movements, same tone row chamber;Violin,Viola,Cello,2 harp, clarinet, bassclarinet, two horns

Answer 81

``` 12 tone 2/4 theme and 7 variations and coda tone row a,f#,g,g#,e,f,b,bb,d,c#,c,eb THEME: sehr ruhig very quiet 11 measure theme gentle relaxed transposed inversion, retrograde inversion klangferbenmelodie pointillism ```

Answer 82

Var1: Lebhafter livlier double canone 4part muted strings pizzicato alternates with arco Var2: sehr lebhaft very lively clarinet, basclarinet, horn more rhythmic

Answer 83

Var3: Wieder massiger again more moderately full orchestra colour spectrum ``` var4: Ausserst ruhig extremely quiet slowest tempo dense texture (center) others mirror ```

Answer 84

Var 5: sehr lebhaft very lively strings and harp,ostinato extended crescendo Var 6: Marschmassig marchlike canonic clarinet bass clarinet sustained horns

Answer 85

Var 7: Etwas breiter somewhat broadened full orchestra, contrary moion double canon Coda: original row, retrograde harp at end raindrop effect

Answer 86

1908 Avignon France dad english, mom piano 1919 Paris Conservetoire prize winner performance theory

Answer 87

1930 ogranist Saint Trinite church Paris all his life 1931 married Claire Delbos coposer violin 1936 professor Ecole Normale de musique founder of La jeune France - composers modern french French army WWII 1940 POW Germany Quatuor pour la fin du temps while in prison 1941 professor Paris Conservetoire 30 yrs students Boulez, Stockhausen, Vivier

Answer 88

1944 published technique de mon langage musical - his approach rhythm and pitch growing recogition, internationall, travelled birdsong 1962 remarried pianist Yvonne Loriod, former student travelled Japan, Legion of Honor France 1972 USA western mountains; final works opera St Franis Assisi 1992 died age 83 declining health

Answer 89

spirituality-catholic, chant melodies influenced by chant Vingt regards sur l'enfant jesu ``` non-Western: structure,rhythm,harmony ancient greek poetry Hindu music rhythm accumulation of durations not divisions southamerican peru folk 'Harawi' traditional birdsong japan sept haikai ``` Nautre: birdsong researched transcribed Abime des oiseaux from quartet

Answer 90

early debussy -piano 8 preludes major,minor,wholetone scales, octonic, others later- serial melody rhythm, instrumentation dynamics chords,modes as colours nonretrogradeable rhythms palindroms

Answer 91

organ: le banquet celeste, la nativite du seigneur piano: preludes, 20 glances at infant jesus, catalog of birds orchestra: Turangalila symph, exotic birds, chronochromie, canyons to the stars chamber: quartet, le merle noir vocal: chants of heaven and earth, harawi, the transfiguration opera: st francis

Answer 92

``` Messiaen 1941 8 movements chamber Clair,Viol, Cell, Piano ABA , a with the abrupt ending, B imperceptible ```

Answer 93

scale limited to fewer than usual 12 transpositions, some only once first ; whole tone scone: octatonic absence of central pitch

Answer 94

french mute string and brass instruction use mutes softer dynamics

Answer 95

``` Hungarian, in Romania far influenced Europe classical tradition, non Wester folk humuorous micropolyphony East Asian harmonies West idian, African ```

Answer 96

orchestra: Apparitions, Atmosphers, Lontano concertos: piano, violin, cello, Hamburg concerto choral: Requiem,clocks/clouds, lux aterna Opera; le grand macabre amber: Adventures, chamber conerto harpsicord: continuum, hungarian rock

Answer 97

``` Estonia radio Prokfiev, Shostakovich influenced experimentation serial - didn't like it collage technique borrowed music studied middle ages renaissance tintinnabulation religious spiritual minimalism - beauty of simplicity ```

Answer 98

choral: St John Passion, Cantate, Berliner Mese solo vocal: Stabat Mater, My heart in the highlands orch: Cantus Benjamin Birtten, Tabula Rasa Inst: piano brass ensemble strings

Answer 99

latin bell minimalism Avro 1970 two voices, one arpeggiates tonic traid, other diatonic slow tempi

Answer 100

``` 1960s little variation tonal trancelike philip glass, reich, john adams ```