Unit 1

Question 1

Sehnsucht

Answer 1

German for longing

yearning for the unattainable Wagner Tristan and Isolde, Schubert Gretchen am sprinnrade

Question 2

Indiidualism

Answer 2

artists express their own unique personal view
classical objectivity replaced by subjective approach
Jean-Jacque Rousseau The Confessions ‘ if I am not better at least i am different’

Question 3

heightened emotionalism

Answer 3

classical restraint gave way to unbridled expressions of human emotions
Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary ad Schuman Fantasy, Chopin’s nocturnes, Tchaikovsky’s symphony 6

Question 4

Weltschmerz

Answer 4

German for world-weariness
growing pessimism
Schubert winterreise

Question 5

exoticism

Answer 5

fascination with distant foreign

chromatic harmony colorful orchestration, Guiseppe Verdi’s Aida, Massenet’s Thais

Question 6

nationalism

Answer 6

19th century patriotic fervor, desire for independence

folk music influence Chopin Polonaises, Dvorak’s Slavonic Dances, Liszt’s Hungrarian Rhapsodies

Question 7

escapism

Answer 7

seeking distraction from everyday
fantasy, reveries, imagination
Berlioz symphonie fantastique

Question 8

fascination with the supernatural

Answer 8

written and painter drawn to mystical, magical, spectral
Brothers Grimm 1812
Wbers opera Die Freischutz, Adolph Adam ballet Giselle, Berlioz

Question 9

morbid fascination with death

Answer 9

Liszt’s Totentanz, Wagner tristan and isolde lovedeath aria

Question 10

art as religion

Answer 10

art replaces religion
divine spark sublime beauty
Wagner opera Parsifal as festival-drama of consecration

Question 11

adoration of nature

Answer 11

mirror of artist’s soul
celebrate awesome nature forces
Beethoven symphony no 6 Pastoral

Question 12

Romantic visionaries

Answer 12

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Napolean Bonaparte
Caspar David Friederich
Charles Dickens

Question 13

Romantic music elements

Answer 13

melody - folk and dance
harmony increased chrom new tonal centers, modal
formal structure expansion
programm
rhythm complex tempo rubato
dynamic range extreme
orchestral instruments harp piccolo english horn, trombone, tuba, contrabasson
piano cast iron frame thicker strings

Question 14

romanitic piano

Answer 14

cast iron frame
thicker strings
double escapement action rapid repetition of key

Question 15

romantic harmony

Answer 15

chromatic
new tonal centers; median submediant
modal harmony

Question 16

romantic structure

Answer 16

large forms symphony, opera, sung cycle
cyclic structure, linking movements
minature forms Lieder, character pieces piano