Unit 3 Flashcards

Question

Ein deutsches Requiem Mov 4 - general 1

Answer 1

' mass for the dead' unorthodox approach not in latin - german old new testament. Blessed are they that mourn - hopefully message originally 6 movements inserted 5th Mov. in memory of his mother: soprano 'as one whom his mother comforts, so will I comfort you' sacred choral 1868 - 6 mov, 1869 - 7 mov finished Sop, Bar solos, SATB chorus, orchestra

Answer 2

``` seven movements symmetrical structure Mov1 - pastoral choral Mov2 - dark robust march Mov3 - Bar solo Mov4 - vision of heaven - center piece Mov5 - Sop solo mov6 - dark robust march +Barsolo Mov7 - pastoral choral ```

Answer 3

classical sonata A recurs, alternating sections for contrast A returns 3 times or more in tonic key ABACA, ABACABA

Answer 4

thematic material upside down

Answer 5

all voices sing same rhythm results blocked chordal texture homophonic text clarity,emphasis

Answer 6

temporary shift metric accents | notes groups in threes are momentarily group in twos or vice-versa

Answer 7

``` Psalm 84 Eb Major ABACA rondo maddig bewegt, moderately fast 3/4 ``` How lovely is they dwelling place, O Lord of Hosts! My soul longs and years for the courts of the lord my heart and my flesh cry out for the living God. Blessed are they that dwell in thy house, they will always be praising thee.

Answer 8

A: flutes/clarinets soft inverted opening sop melody dolce word painting; ascending line heaven sopranos trace arch conjunct melody homorhythmic texture B: imitative passage open, each voice , sop emphasize 'longs and years' fugual drama; crescendo more ecstatic homothrythmic climax high registers, acommp delicate arpeggiated pizzicato down to fp accents A1: returns enriched orchestra serene C: robust forte joyful imitative fugal climax they will always be praising thee' hemiola A2: abbreviated, calm close

Answer 9

1813 - born in Parma Italy Farther - tavern-keeper, supported Giuseppe 1825 - lessons with Ferdinando Provesi, church musician, local phil director 1831 - moved Busseto, live with Antonio Barezzi gave lessons to daughter whom he married Barezzi welathy, funded Verdi's music ed in Milan not accepted to conservatory Milan, studied privately with Vincenzo Lavigna until 1835

Answer 10

Milan - conductor Piccolo Scala (beside La Scala) 1836 - married Margherita , 2 kids Moved back to Busseto, directed local phil 1839 - moved to Milan; first opera Oberto - committsion three more (first commission failure Un giorno di regno) Wife and kids all died within 2 years 1842 - opera Nabucco success return *creative period, new opera every 9 months 1847 - moved in with opera singer Giuseppina strepponi, married 12 yrs later Surge of nationalism: VERDI kind Victor Emmanuel

Answer 11

1861 - Italian unification; parliment served for 4 years 1871 - opera Aida exotic, Cairo Messa de Requiem for writer Alessandro Manzoni publisher Giulio Ricordi brought Verdi together with librettist Arrigo Boito - OTello and Falstaff 1901 - died of stroke; gave $ to retirement home for musicians in Milan

Answer 12

Greatest Italian opera composer 19th century influences from all opera styles seria, buffa, bel canto conventional numbers approach overture, recit aria chorus Unity - signature themes - curse Motive in Rigoletto Colourful orchestra special effects Virtuoso coloratura areas, spectacular runs - Violetta close of Act 1 La Traviata Diatonic harmonic language, moderate chrom Structure - well-defined sections, balanced phrasing Nationalism - chorus, arias, O patria mia from Aida librettos dramatic - love passion date ten operas librettist Francesco Maria Piave other sources: Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, William Shakespear

Answer 13

Period 1: grand evolution Italian Opera Oberto, Rigoletto, Il trovatore, La Traviata Period 2: influenced by French grand opera longer, larger, grandiose La forza del destino, Don Carlos, Aida Messa de Requiem Period 3: Twilight, new approaches form, continuous less numbers approach Otello Falstaff (28 operas, Macbeth, Un ballo in maschera vocal: messa de requiem, sacred choral, solos Chamber: string quartet

Answer 14

``` 1853 first performance Teatro La Fenice initially a failure play by Alexander Dumas 'la dame aux camelias *real story Maris Duplessis Librettist Francesco Maria Piave 3 Acts Violetta Valery - coloratura - courtesan Alfredo Germont -tenor - young aristocrat Giorgio Germont - baritone - Alf-Father Baron Douphol - bari - Viol lover Flora Bervoix - mexxo - Viol-friend ```

Answer 15

Act 1: Paris, Violetta's Home - party despite declining health - meets Alfredo who loves her, she gives him camellia flower Act 2-1: Country house near Paris -Viole/Al happy in love, - Al's father comes and convinces Viol to leave - Al assumes she has left him for former lover Baron Act2-2: Paris Violet's friends' house - party with Baron - Al arrives to spoil, Violetta reaffirms her love Act3: Paris, Violetta's apartment - lying on deathbed, Al and father return with blessings - Violetta dreams of happy future as she collapses and dies.

Answer 16

Italian for air, old english for song solo song orchestral accompaniment emotions, virtuosic, lyrical dramatic character

Answer 17

beautiful singing 19th century italian opera Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, early Verdi purity of tone, lyrical melodies highly ornamented

Answer 18

text of an opera | written by someone other than composer

Answer 19

speach-like song dialouge between characters advance plot precedes arias usually

Answer 20

musical number in opera, feature smaller group soloists musical/daramtic climax each soloist express emotion directly to audience

Answer 21

female voice especially high range | trained to execute difficult passages great agility

Answer 22

1. Invitato a qui seguirmi - I've asked him to follow me 2. S'ei cadra per mano mia - I were to kill him 3. Ogni suo aver tal femmina - Al shames Violetta 4. Oh, infamia orribile - chorus 5. Di sprezzo degno - Father repremands son 6. Ah si! che fecit - Al deep remorse 7. Alfredo, Alfredo, di questo core - Al you will know 8. Combined chorus and solos

Answer 23

Invitat a qui seguirmi: Violetta alone nervous to save Alfredo, asks him to leave -opens in Db, urgency, soft clarinets basson string flurry 16th notes violins Alfredo entry Db Major exchanges between them tension mounting S'ei cadra mano mia- Alfredo broad phrase doubled by woodwinds strong 1st beat emphasis suggests jealousy and reckless bravado *Violetta says she made a vow then in desperation falsely says she loves Baron

Answer 24

Ogni suo aver tal femmina: 'for that lady' i lost it all. C major common time, Allegro sostenuto simplicity Alfredo-self rightousness contrast to: Oh, infamia orribile - party guests shocked, demand he leaves C min, 2/4 Velocissimo, unison chorus+orchestra sudde shift to minor mode; conveys fury disapproval

Answer 25

Di sprezzo degno- Giorgio Germont reprimands his son Eb Major, Con dignitoso fuoco 'with dignified passion' Ah si! che fecit - sobbing, Al feels deep remorse Eb minor 'what have I done? in short breathless phrases

Answer 26

Alfredo di questo core - exhausted Violetta says one day Al will known why con voce debolissima e con passione 'fragile voice, passion' Large Ensemble: Al's solo remorse song, with guests chorus, father's reflections and Violetta's bel canto caressing melody soars above everything else Eb Major Lastly Baron challenges Alfredo to a duel, Violetta collapses.

Answer 27

total art work - german idea used in Wagner's writtings perfect union of text, music, stagecraft

Answer 28

term used by Wagner synthesis of music and drama | distinguish his operatic style from traditional operas

Answer 29

leading motif - german perfected by Wagner in music dramas melodic fragment with meaning, representing a character, place, object or emotion undergoes thematic transformation throughout work

Answer 30

greek for colour liberal use of chords based on notes outside of the key modulations to distant keys expressive device

Answer 31

heroic tenor - german male voice with high range, possessing strength and stamina associated with Wagner's operas

Answer 32

half-diminished 7th chord in Tristan und Isolde F-B-D#-G# serves as leitmotif for lover's passion heightened chromaticism in Wagner's harmonic language

Answer 33

1813 - born Leipzig Germany 1/9 siblings, father died at his birth stepfather Ludwig Geyer-actor painter studied at St. Thomas (same as Bach teacher) mostly self-taught, Leipzig University Christian Theodor Weinlig teacher Beethoven Symp 9 and Fidelio inspiration

Answer 34

1833 - first profess chorus master theater Wurzburg music direcotr traveling theater - experience but debt 1834 - first opera Die Feen never performed 1836 - married singer Wilhelmine Minna Planer, but had affairs conducting in Riga Latvia 1839 - escaping debt, London-Paris writing operas living by music arrangment and journalist - article in Schumann's Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik 1842 - grand opera Rienzi success Dresden Hoftheater

Answer 35

1843-1849 conductor court of Saxony Dresden; orchestra and opera, compose special court occasions Operas: Der fliegende Flying Dutchman, Tannhauser dramatic departure from tradition started Der Ring des Nibelungen

Answer 36

1849-1863 forced to flee b/c of political activism (to Zurich with the help of Liszt) Switzerland shift to literary focus; essays Art and Revolution, Artwork of the Future, Opera and Drama

Answer 37

1864-1883 romantically involved Liszt's daughter Cosima who was married, had 3 children before getting divorced 1865 - to Munich at request of young King Ludwig II of Bavaria Tristan and Isolde premiered there 1870 - married Cosima permanent festival dream becoming reality 1872 - first cornerstone laid for festival theater Bayreuth 1876 - first festival; premiere Der Ring (Saint-Saens and Tchaikovsky present) Parisfal composed 1882 to help indebted theater 1883 - died in Venice, boy returned to Bayreuth

Answer 38

Music of the Future, Gesamtkunstwerk inspiration from Norse mythology, Celtic legends, medieval epic poems, symbolic wrote his own librettos(before the music) influenced by Ancient greek drama; long scenes one character with another influenced by Beethoven weaving vocal orchestra more through-composed opera structure less symmetric phrases endless melody sophisticated chromatic harmony Tristan chord expanded orchestra 100+ Wagnerian tuba

Answer 39

opera/music drama: Die Feen, Das Liebesverbot (the ban on love), Rienzi, Der fliegende hollander, Tannhauser, Lohengrin, Tristan und Isolde, Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg, Der Ring des Nibelungen-Das Rheingod, Die Walkure, Seigfried, Gotterdammerung, and Parisfal orchestra; Faust overture, Siegfried Idyll sympoem songs, Wesendonck Lieder litterary; Art of Revolution, Artwork of the Future, Opera and Drama.

Answer 40

2nd of 4 operas in Der Rings des Nibelungen 1870-1876 first performances German language, Wagner wrote libretto Norse mythology and epic medieval poem called Nibelungelied Structure: 3 Acts

Answer 41

Woten - ruler of the Gods Baritone Fricka - wife of Wotan goddess of marriage - mezzo Valkyries - 9 sisters warrior daughters of Wotan and Erda (earth spirit) Soprano and mezzos Siegmund - mortal song of Wotan - Heldentenor Sieglinde - twin sister ^ - soprano Hunding - Sieglinde's husband Siegmund's enemy - Bass Brunnhilde- The favourite Valkyrie of Wotan - soprano

Answer 42

Pre-story: Alberich makes all-powerful ring; Wotan steals it, but gives it up to build Valhalla fortress for the Gods. Wotan father's twins to regain possession of the ring Act 1: Forest Hut: Siegmung frees his love Sieglinde from his enemy Hunding, unaware they are siblings Act2: Valhalla: Siegmund fights Hunding, Brunnhilde to help, Fricka opposes incestry, Siegmund is killed and Wotan kills Hunding in return Act 3: Mountain Plateau: Valkyries gather the dead, Brunnhilde foresees Sieglinde to bear child she escapes Wotan. But Brunnhilde is to be punished, softened by compassion Wotan puts her to sleep and surrounds her by fire only a hero can penetrate Post-story: son of Sieglinde; Siegfried frees Brunnhilde but is killed. Order must be restored by returning the ring; everything goes up in flames, the gods are killed and balance returns.

Answer 43

'der augen leuchtendes Paar - your radiant eyes low strings - Slumber Motive ostinato; light 16th note little syncopation undulating melody underscore Wotan's farewell Wotan kisses Brunnhilde - magic sleep Mtoive chromatic harmonies harps woodwinds contrary motion Then Spear Motive-bold descending figure forcefully trombones - Wotan summons Loge God of Fire string temolos Flames encircle Brunnhilde - Magin Fire Motive: staccato 16th notes woodwinds flickering flames Wotan prophesies rescue using Siegfried's motive-upward-thrusting theme brass Wotan leaves - slumber motive and magic fire motive co-mingle, curtain falls.