Unit 4: Acids, Bases And Salts (1) Flashcards
According to Arrhenius theory a base is any substance which…
Releases OH- (aq) in water
According to Arrhenius theory and acid is any substance which….
Releases H+ (aq) in water
According to Arrhenius theory a salt is…
The neutralization product which results when an acid and a base react
A ____ is any ionic compound which is neither an acid or a base
Salt
An ____ is any ionic species whose formula that starts with an “H”
Acid
A ____ is any ionic species whose formula that ends with an “OH”
Base
What is a species that contains ions and does not start with “H” or end in “OH” called?
A salt
The general equation for a acid-base neutralization reaction is…
ACID + BASE => SALT + WATER
H+ + OH- => ?
H2O
Acids usually…. (5 things)
- react with bases
- are electrolytes
- act on some metals to produce H2 (g)
- turn litmus paper RED
- taste sour
Bases usually…. (5 things)
- react with acids
- are electrolytes
- feel slippery (react with skin and fat to make soap)
- turn litmus paper BLUE
- taste bitter
The presence of _____ accounts for the properties of those substances which are traditionally called “acids”
“H+”
The presence of _____ accounts for the properties of those substances which are traditionally called “based”
“OH-“
______ metal is used to to test for presence of acids because it id just sufficiently reactive to produce H2 (g) when put into acids
Magnesium
H+ + H2O => ?
H3O+
H+ is called the ___
Proton
_____ is called the hydronium ion or the hydrated proton
H3O+
What we previously called H+ (aq) is actually ____
H3O+
An ___ is a proton donor
Acid
A ___ is a proton acceptor
Base
According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory an ___ is a substance which donates a proton to another substance
Acid
According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory a ___ is a substance which accepts a proton from another substance
Base
Monoprotic acid, diprotic acid, tripotic acid, and polyprotic acid all describe the _____ of protons the acid can supply
Amount (or number)
If a substance has a negative charge and still has an easily removable hydrogen then the substance I’ll be ____
Amphiprotic
Assume all hydrogens are easily removable except this attached to ____
Carbon
A conjugate acid-base pair (or conjugate pair) is a pair of chemical species differs by….
Only one proton
A conjugate acid is the member of the conjugate pair which has….
The extra proton
The conjugate base is the member of a conjugate pair which lacks….
The extra proton
A strong acid or base is _____ ionized in solution
100%
A weak acid or base is less than ____ ionized in solution
100%
All equilibrium a involve ___ acids and bases
Weak
The terms weak and strong refer to the….
And
The terms dilute and concentrated refer to the….
…Percentage of ionization
… Molarity of a solution
When a substance acts as an acid with water ___ is alway produced
h3O+
The stronger the acid the ____ the [H3O+] produced
Greater
When a substance acts as a base with a water, ____ is always produced.
OH-
The stronger the base, the ____ the [OH-] produced
Greater
Due to the levelling effect ____ is the strongest acid
H3O+
All six acids at the top of the table are ___(different?/equal?) in strength
Equal
A substance is ___ when [H3O+] = [OH-]
Neutral
A substance is ___ when [H3O+] > [OH-]
Acidic
A substance is ___ when [H3O+]
Basic
The value of Ka is called….
Acid ionization constant
The value for Kb is called the…
Base ionization constant
For a conjugate pair Ka x Kb =___
Kw
Ka (reactant acid) / Ka (product acid)=?
Keq
Keq is the concentration of _____ over the concentration of _____
ReactAnts
Products
pH=?
-log[H3O+]
pOH=?
-log[OH-]
pKw=pH + pOH. What is the value of pKw?
14
Strong acids and bases ___ (do/do not) react with salts
Don’t
What tests would you use to tell wether a solution was acidic or basic? (2 basic things)
1-litmus paper (red=acid; blue=base)
2-add magnesium (bubbles=acid)
H+ (aq) and H3O+ (aq) are the ____ (same/different).
Same
The Arrhenius theory does account for the existence of equilibriums so a second theory wAs created called the ____ theory.
Brønsted-Lowry
In every Brønsted-Lowry reaction there is an acid and a base on both sides of the equation. True or false?
True
A substance is amphiprotic if____ and ___.
It possesses a negative chArge
Has an easily removable hydrogen
Organic acids end in?
COOH
Organic bases contain either ___ or ___ and the ___ accepts the H+
NH2
NH
Nitrogen
What is a way to tell if an unknown aqueous solution is a weak or strong acid?
Conductivity. Very conductive=strong; not very conductive=weak
When water is heated, what happens to the [H3O+]?
It increases
Is hot water basic, acidic or neutral?
Neutral
[OH-] increase with [H3O+]
Aka [OH-]= [H3O+]
As water is heated what happens to its Kw?
Kw increases!
[H3O+] X [OH-] = ?
Kw
