Unit 3: Flashcards
What is a substance which dissolves to give a non-conducting solution containing only neutral molecules called?
Non-electrolyte
What is A substance which dissolves to give an electrically conducting solution containing ions called?
Electrolyte
A ____ solution contains only neutral molecules
Molecular
An ____ solution contains ions
Ionic
A substance is said to form a ____ solution if the dissolved substance is in equilibrium with some of the i dissolved substance
Saturated
The _____ of a substance is the equilibrium concentration of the substance in solution at a given temperature
Solubility
The solubility is referred to as the ____ _____ when the concentration is expressed in “moles/litre”
Molar solubility
When saturation exists… (2 things must be true)
- Some undissolved material must be present
2. Equilibrium exists between the dissolved and undissolved material
A equilibrium equation which shows a solid compound on the reactants side and aqueous ions on the products side is a ____ reaction
Dissolving
A equilibrium equation which shows aqueous ions on the reactants side and a solid compound on the products side is a ____ reaction
Crystallization
(Molarity initial) x (volume initial) =…
(Molarity final) x (volume final)
Nothing is insoluble in water true or false?
Strictly speaking, true. All substances dissolve to some extent. Some just have low solubility
The amount of glass that can dissolve in water is neglected so glass is said to have _____ solubility
Negligible
A compound that dissolves very slightly in water but cannot be neglected is said to have _____ solubility
Low
A substance is said to have LOW SOLUBILITY if a saturated solution of the substance is….
Less than 0.1 M (>0.1 M)
The solubility of a compound depends on the _____ of the solution
Temperature
Alkali ions are always soluble. Name the 6 alkali ions
Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+
When in any compound which two cations will always make the compound soluble besides alkali ions
Ammonium (NH4+) and hydrogen ions (H+)
Note: many polyatomic ions contain hydrogen as do many molecular compounds. These are not guaranteed to be soluble just because they contain hydrogen.
Which anion when in a compound will guarantee that the compound is soluble?
Nitrate (NO3-)
When two ions form a compound having low solubility, the mixing of the two ions will cause a ____ to form
Precipitate
What is a balanced chemical equation in which all the reactants and products are given by their chemical formulae called?
A formula equation
What is a equation which shows all SOLUBLE ionic species broken into their respective ions called?
A complete ionic equation
What is an equation showing only the species which are actively involved in the reaction called?
A net ionic equation
The net ionic equation is formed by omitting the ____ ions from the complete ionic equation
Spectator
Ksp is..
Solubility product constant
The larger the ksp the _____ soluble the salt
More
The smaller the ksp the ____ soluble the salt
Less
The value of the Ksp depends on the _____ of the ions in solution
Concentration
_____ is the amount of a substance required to make a saturated solution.
Solubility
_____ _____ is the molar concentration of a saturated solution
Molar solubility
_____ _____ is the ksp value obtained when the concentrations of the ions in a saturated solution are multiplied together
Solubility product
If Q<ksp…
A ppt cannot form
If Q=ksp
A barely saturated solution is formed
If Q>ksp…
A ppt will form
What is a process in which a measured amount of a solution is reacted with a known volume of another solution until a desired equivalence point is reached called?
Titration
In titration one of the solutions has a ____ concentration
Unknown
What is the purpose of carrying out a titration?
To find the concentration of a particular solution
In a situation in which Ag+ is added to a solution contain both Cl- and chromate, the Ag+ will ppt with both. The concentration of Cl- needed to ppt Ag+ is smaller than that of the chromate. Which will ppt first?
The one needing the smaller concentration so Cl-
The solubility of an ionic compound in pure water ____ ____
Cannot change
By applying Le Chatelier’s Principle to an equilibrium it is possible to increase or decrease the solubility of a substance by….
Using water that is no pure to dissolve the substance
Ionic compounds are ____ at room temperature
Solid
Ionic compounds have ___ melting points
High
Ionic compounds usually ____ electricity
Conduct
Ionic compounds ____ in water
Dissolve
Covalent compounds have ____ melting points
Low
Polar will dissolve non polar…
Will not
A ____ gets dissolved (smaller part)
Solute
A ____ does the dissolving (larger part)
Solvent
______ mixtures are completely mixed together and consist of only one phase (solutions)
Homogenous
______ mixtures exist when one or more phase is present
Heterogenous
A solution in equilibrium is homogenous or heterogenous?
Heterogenous
____ describes the amount of material (solute) that will dissolve in a solvent making a saturated solution
Solubility
