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Chemistry 12 > Unit 2: Reaction Equilibrium > Flashcards

Unit 2: Reaction Equilibrium Flashcards

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0
Q

In a reaction that is said to be “reversible” while the forward reaction proceeds so does….

A

The reverse reaction

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1
Q

In a closed system most reactions are _____.

A

Reversible

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2
Q

At equilibrium the forward reaction rate is always equal to the…

A

Reverse reaction rate

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3
Q

Only _____ reactions form an equilibrium

A

Reversible

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4
Q

For a reaction to be reversible a ___ ____ is needed

A

Closed system

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5
Q

At equilibrium no _____ changes occur

A

Macroscopic

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6
Q

At equilibrium the _____ of both the reactants and products are constant (but not necessarily equal).

A

Concentration

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7
Q

A dynamic equilibrium if upset will…

A

Re-establish itself

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8
Q

A state of equilibrium exists whenever… (4 things)

A
  1. There is a closed system
  2. The reaction is reversible
  3. There is no change in macroscopic properties
  4. The temperature is constant
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9
Q

Give 3 properties you could monitor so see if a equilibrium exists

A
  • change in pressure
  • change in concentration
  • change in colour
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10
Q

The two driving factors for all chemical processes are…

A
  • enthalpy

- entropy

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11
Q

Entropy is…

A

The tendency to achieve a higher state of disorder/randomness

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12
Q

Enthalpy is…

A

The tendency to achieve a lower heat content

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13
Q

All reactions want a ____ enthalpy and a ____ entropy

A

Lower

Higher

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14
Q

Rank the following states by which is most favoured by entropy to least favoured by entropy. (Include > symbols)

Solid, liquid, aqueous, and gas

A

Gas»aqueous>liquid» solid

Note that aqueous has more entropy than liquids but it is not as great of a difference between liquids and solids

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15
Q

When both entropy and enthalpy favour the formation of products a _____ does not exist

A

Equilibrium

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16
Q

When both entropy and enthalpy favours the reactants the ____ does not go to _____

A

Reaction

Completion

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17
Q

What 4 factors can shift the equilibrium

A
  • concentration
  • pressure
  • temperature
  • volume
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18
Q

According to Le Chatelier’s principle whenever a stress is added is applied to a system the system will ____ so as to ____ the stress and re-establish ____.

A

Shift
Reduce
Equilibrium

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19
Q

An increase in concentration increases the ____ ____ which in turn increases the ____ ____.

A

Collision frequency

Reaction rate

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20
Q

Equilibrium favours a shift ____ from the increased concentration.

A

Away

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21
Q

A decrease in volume of the closed system means there is a _____ ____ of the system which ____ the ____ ____ which leads to the ____ ____ increasing

A

Increased pressure
Increases
Collision frequency
Reaction rate

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22
Q

Equilibrium favours a shift ____ from the greater number of gas molecules to the _____ number of gas molecules

A

Away

Lower

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23
Q

An increase of the pressure of a container is a ____ in the volume of the container which leads to an ____ of the collision frequency and reaction rate

A

Decrease

Increase

24
Q

Pressure can be increased by adding a ____ gas and this added gas will have ____ affect on the equilibrium

A

Noble

No

25
Q

When a noble gas is added the overall ____ of each species of gas in the equilibrium will ____

A

Pressure

Increase

26
Q

An _____ in temperature increases both the forward and reverse reaction rates

A

Increase

27
Q

When the reaction is endothermic and heat is added the equilibrium shifts toward the ___ side

A

Product

28
Q

When the reaction is ______ and heat is added the equilibrium shifts toward the reactant side

A

Exothermic

29
Q

What effect do catalysts have on equilibrium

A

Catalysts have no effect on equilibrium

Catalysts increase both the forward and reverse reaction rate equally and equilibrium is reached faster

30
Q

[products]/[reactants] is the ____ expression

A

Keq

31
Q

When using the Keq expression make sure that the power (which are the coefficients of the products and reactants) are always in the ____ whole number ration

A

Lowest

32
Q

If you reverse the chemical equation then the equilibrium expression will be the _____ of the original constant

A

Reciprocal

33
Q

When Keq is large the _____are favoured

A

Products

34
Q

Keq is small when the ____ are favoured

A

Reactants

35
Q

In a closed system nothing can….

A

Leave or enter

36
Q

Temperature ____ (can/cannot) effect the equilibrium

A

Can

37
Q

At a new temperature _____ (the same/a new) equilibrium is attained

A

A new

38
Q

Is the equilibrium different if the reaction started with and excess of products?

A

No

Same goes for excess of reactants

39
Q

In a ____ equilibrium no macroscopic changes occur

A

Dynamic

40
Q

When a dynamic equilibrium exists all observable qualities are constant but at the molecular level there is….

A

Constant back and forth reaction between reactants and products (which is a perfect balance)

41
Q

The rate of consumption of reactants is equal to the rate of….

A

Production of reactants

42
Q

Is [reactants] always equal to [products]?

A

No. The [reactants] differs from [products] in general but they can be equal

43
Q

Are the [reactants] and [products] constant at equilibrium?

A

Yes

44
Q

A system that is capable of equilibrium that is not at equilibrium will tend to…

A

Move toward a position of equilibrium

45
Q

A _____ change is a change which occurs by itself, without outside assistance

A

Spontaneous

46
Q

A reaction is expected to move spontaneously to the side of the reaction having minimum energy if…..

A

The energy barrier is low enough

47
Q

Endothermic reactions are not expected to occur ___ without if sufficient heat is not available

A

Spontaneously

48
Q

The side of the reaction having minimum _____ (entropy/enthalpy) is said to be favoured because molecules will tend to go to or remain at minimum energy

A

Enthalpy

49
Q

Do all Exothermic reactions go to completion?

A

No. Sometime the reverse reaction occurs to some extent so the reaction is then at equilibrium

50
Q

Can an endothermic reaction occur spontaneously? If so give an example

A

Yes. Chemical cold packs.

51
Q

Why is a highly random state favoured over a highly ordered state?

A

Because there are more random states possible

52
Q

What is entropy?

A

The amount of randomness in a system

53
Q

The greater the difference in the amount of randomness of products vs reactants the greater the ____ drive of the system

A

Entropy

54
Q

Minimum ____ favours the side of the reaction containing the “heat” term

A

Enthalpy

55
Q

If there is only a single phase in the entire reaction entropy favours the side with….

A

The most molecules

56
Q

Le Chatelier’s Principle is…

A

If a closed system at equilibrium is subjected to a change, processes will occur that tend to counteract that change

57
Q

Solids and pure liquids are not included in the equilibrium expression because…

A

They have a constant concentration

58
Q

What is the only change that can affect the value of keq

A

Temperature change

Chemistry 12 (7 decks)

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