Unit 4

Question 1

A systematic form of data examination
characterized by visual inspection of
graphical displays of those data.

Answer 1

Visual data analysis

Question 2

1. Taking an overview of an entire data display, noting its general characteristics.
2. Specific data inspection and analysis

Answer 2

The Process of Visual Analysis

Question 3

To answer 2 basic questions:

1. Was there a meaningful change in behavior?
2. To what extent can the change be attributable to a specific environmental change?

Answer 3

The Purpose of Visual Analysis

Question 4

Embedded in text
Presented in summary form (usually numerically in a data table)
Graph

Answer 4

Types of data display

Question 5

A relatively simple visual format for displaying data that provide visual representations of relationships between a series of measurements and relevant
variables

Answer 5

Graph

Question 6

Equal interval line graph
Cumulative records
Bar graph (Histogram)
Semi logarithmic graphs (standard celeration chart)

Answer 6

Graphic displays used in ABA

Question 7

The most commonly used graph in ABA.
Based on a Cartesian plane, a two dimensional area formed by the intersection of two perpendicular lines (one vertical, one horizontal).

Answer 7

Equal interval line graph

Simple line graph

Question 8

Any point within the plane of the chart represents a specific relationship between the two variables (dimensions) measured along each of the axis lines.

Answer 8

Describe Equal interval line graphs

Question 9

Charting ABA data
To evaluate treatment effectiveness
Used in functional analyses

Answer 9

Common Uses of Line Graphs

Question 10

Horizontal X-axis
Vertical Y-axis
Data points
The data path
Condition and phase change lines
Condition and phase change labels
Figure legend

Answer 10

Parts of an Equal Interval Line Graph

Question 11

X-axis.
The abscissa
Represents the passage of time

Answer 11

Horizontal Axis

Question 12

Y-axis
The ordinate
Represents the range of values of the dependent variable

Answer 12

Vertical Axis

Question 13

Can be marked according to the
needs of the behavior analyst as any
specified recorded observation
periods, over a period of time

Answer 13

X-Axis Units

Question 14

Equal movements up the Y-axis represent
equal increases in the behavior; should be
expressed in whole time units

Answer 14

Y-Axis Units

Question 15

Runs from zero up to some number which is

chosen by the creator of the graph

Answer 15

Y-Axis Range

Question 16

An individually measured value of the target

behavior (the DV) at a given point in time

Answer 16

Data Point

Question 17

A series of straight lines connecting successive data points within a phase or condition.
It represents the relationship between the IV and the DV.

Answer 17

Data Path

Question 18

Represent a major change in the IV, OR
a major (usually permanent) change in the
environment

Answer 18

Phase Changes

Question 19

A solid vertical line placed at a point along
the X-axis indicating the point in time that the
phase change occurred

Answer 19

Phase Change Lines

Question 20

Represent a minor change in the IV, OR
a minor (usually temporary) change in the
environment

Answer 20

Condition Changes

Question 21

A dotted vertical line placed at a point along
the X-axis indicating the point in time when
the condition changed

Answer 21

Condition Change Lines

Question 22

States which time periods are represented

by each successive data point

Answer 22

X- Axis Label

Question 23

States which response measure was used to
measure the dependent variable – the target
behavior

Answer 23

Y- Axis Label

Question 24

Brief labels, placed at the top of the chart,
that identify each separate major phase of
treatment

Answer 24

Phase Labels

Question 25

Mark changes occurring within a phase

Answer 25

Condition labels

Question 26

A concise statement that provides you with:
Sufficient information to identify the
DVs and IVs, and
Possibly other salient information necessary
to visually interpret the data.

Answer 26

Figure Legend

Question 27

Level
Variability
Trend
The number of data points

Answer 27

4 primary graph characteristics that

contribute to visual analysis

Question 28

The mean (average) value of a set of data
points, usually across an entire condition or
phase.

Answer 28

Level

Question 29

The overall direction taken by the data path

through a set of data points

Answer 29

Trend

Question 30

Increasing
Decreasing
Zero (no trend)

Answer 30

3 Possible Trends

Question 31

The extent to which measures of behavior
under the same environmental conditions
diverge from one another

Answer 31

Variability

Question 32

Used when outlying data points skew the

level line in a way that makes it non representative of the data set as a whole

Answer 32

Median Level

Question 33

A straight line drawn through a series of
graphically displayed data points that
represent the direction and degree of trend

Answer 33

Trend Line

Question 34

A trendline that bisects the data, with close
to an equal number of data points above the
line and below the line

Answer 34

Best Fit Line

Question 35

A mathematical way to calculate trend

Answer 35

Split Middle Line of Progress

Question 36

The minimum number of data points
necessary to establish trend, variability or
level of data

Answer 36

3 Data Points

Question 37

Developed by Skinner as the primary means
of data collection and analysis in EAB
laboratory research

Answer 37

Cumulative Record

Question 38

An automated device that automatically

creates a graph of the subject’s behavior

Answer 38

Cumulative Recorder

Question 39

No distinct data points but rather the vertical axis represents the value of a DV and the horizontal axis represents a phase, condition, or classification variable

Answer 39

Bar Graph (Histogram)

Question 40

To summarize and compare data for different
groups or subjects and/or different
conditions.
To compare sets of data that are not related
to one another by a common underlying
dimension by which the horizontal access
can be scaled

Answer 40

Uses of Bar Graphs

Question 41

Enables the charting of celeration (a factor
by which rate of behavior multiplies or
divides per unit of time).
Used in Precision Teaching.

Answer 41

Standard Celeration Chart