Unit 3 Flashcards
A characteristic of a phenomenon that exists independent of its measurement
Fundamental property
Temporal locus
Temporal extent
Repeatability
Fundamental properties of behavior
A quantifiable (measurable) aspect of a fundamental property
Dimensional Quantity
Latency, Duration, Countability, IRT, Rate, Celeration
Dimensional quantities of behavior
The quantitative results of deliberate, planned, and usually controlled observation
Data
Singular form of the term ‘data’
Datum
Objective
Clear
Complete
Characteristics of a good response definition
Continuous (direct) response measures
Directly measure a dimensional quantity of behavior
Do not measure behavior directly; most measure a dimensionless quantity (usually percent)
Discontinuous (indirect) response measures
Event
Latency
Duration
IRT
Dimensional quantities of continuous response measures
Record time observation began Count the responses Record time observation ended Divide: Count/unit of time Report as rate per unit of time
Event recording (frequency recording)
Record time observation began Record each antecedent Record each response Record time observation ended Report as (Responses/Antecedents)/unit of time
Event recording of restricted operants
Duration per session
Duration per occurrence
2 Types of Duration recording
Total amount of time an individual engages
in an activity
Duration per session
Amount of time a target behavior occupies
Duration per occurrence
Specify when to start recording (at the onset or the offset of the stimulus).
Specify when to stop recording (at the beginning or end of the response cycle).
Latency Recording
Start timing at the END of the response cycle.
Stop timing at the BEGINNING of the next response cycle.
Inter-response time (IRT) recording
Use when responses are distributed across the observation period, there are no significant outliers and you know the rate. Formula: Recording interval/count
Estimating mean IRT’s
Percent occurrence Trials to criterion Discrete categorization Partial interval recording Whole interval recording Momentary time sampling PLACHECK
Dimensionless quantities of discontinuous
response measures
Similar to event recording of a restricted or discriminated operant which has been converted into a percent
Percent occurrence
A special case of percent occurrence
Percent correct
The number of consecutive opportunities to respond required to achieve a performance standard. Record each opportunity to respond until the performance standard is met.
Trials to criterion
- Determine what one trial will be
- Decide how to report (number of trials
or number of block trials) - Record count as the measure
- Present data
Trials to criterion steps
A method for classifying responses into
discrete categories
Discrete categorization (coding)
A discontinuous response measure. A recording session is broken into short intervals of time; occurrence is recorded if a response happens during any part of the interval
Partial interval recording
A discontinuous response measure.
A recording session is broken into short
intervals of time; occurrence is recorded if
the behavior occurs for the whole interval
Whole interval recording
A discontinuous response measure.
A response is recorded as occurring only
if it occurs at the point in time in which an
interval ends.
Momentary time sampling
A group of individuals is observed at the end of an interval
Count how many of individuals are engaging in the target behavior(s)
Compare with the total number of individuals
Percent of individuals engaging in behavior(s)
PLACHECK
The dimensional quantity of interest. The estimated rate of the behavior. Whether to measure responses or episodes. Data collection: who, when, where, how long and how often
Factors to consider when selecting a
response measure
Measuring the results (or products) of behavior
Permanent products
The consistency of measurement
Reliability
The coefficient of agreement between
two or more independent observers.
Usually calculated as a percentage by
dividing the number of agreements by the
total number of agreements plus
disagreements, then multiplying by 100.
Interobserver agreement
Competence of new observers, Detecting observer drift, Validate collection methods, Increase confidence that interventions are responsible for behavior change
Uses for IOA
The degree to which an intervention is
implemented as described/designated
IV integrity
Total count
Percent agreement
The two main methods of IOA
Total agreement in each interval
Number of intervals
X 100
Mean count per interval IOA
# of intervals with 100% agreement Number of intervals X 100
Exact count per interval IOA
80% or above
Collected and scored for a minimum of
33% of observations.
IOA Guidelines
