Unit 4 Flashcards

Question

What can be used to stimulate emotional catharsis?

Answer 1

music, poetry and photographs can be used to stimulate both conscious and unconscious minds.

Answer 2

through all of the arts but especially through dancing music, theatre, clowning and singing

Answer 3

knowledge of oneself believed to be the cornerstone of health. If achieved, only then can rational, healthy choices be made

Answer 4

musculoskeletal movement, relaxation response, emotional catharsis, self discovery, creativity, pleasure and play, spirituality and transcendental states

Answer 5

everyone has the capacity of worth, dignity, and the capacity for expression and self direction.

Answer 6

everyone needs a safe, accepting, empathetic and supportive environment to develop their full potential

Answer 7

using the emotional, intuitive aspects of ourselves in various ways. It means going into our inner realms to discover feelings and expressing them

Answer 8

No concerned about the beauty of the art, but about the patient letting go and releasing their emotions

Answer 9

``` independence self-confidence alertness ambition commitment to work willingness to confront hostility ```

Answer 10

False. Mental illness is believed to hamper creativity in an individual, making flow difficult to achieve.

Answer 11

1) clear goals exists 2) immediate feedback 3) challenge and skills are balanced 4) action and awareness are merged 5) total engagement 6) no worry of failure 7) time becomes distorted 8) activity is an end in itself

Answer 12

to uncover and express feelings, gain insights, and develop therapeutic bonds and attachments

Answer 13

increase movement and self mastery and esteem, have fun and heighten creativity

Answer 14

maintain a healthy body enhance vitality develop relationships express fear and grief

Answer 15

motivate learning increase bodily awareness develop social skills

Answer 16

promote healing by altering mood, reawakening stored feelings, organizing thoughts, reducing isolation and establishing rapport

Answer 17

physical and emotional stimulation for people with chronic pain or impaired movement

Answer 18

patients who are nonverbal such as autistic, eating disorders, expressing a wide range of emotions

Answer 19

paediatric, geriatric, AIDS, Health professionals, chronic disease patients, dying patients

Answer 20

a diagnostic tool Patients focus focus on parts of their bodies that concern them. They can draw images of their disease to explore the medical manifestations

Answer 21

poetry for the purpose of healing and personal growth

Answer 22

used as a method of life review and reminiscence, especially in the elderly

Answer 23

person writes their own autobiography using photos, letters, memoirs, and interviewing to gather their life story into a meaningful story.

Answer 24

produces vital material for the therapeutic process

Answer 25

to increase the patients capacity for playing with words strengthen communication such as listening, speaking and writing allow the patient to experience writing

Answer 26

a metaphor to discuss taboo subjects they may not be willing to talk about

Answer 27

people with schizophrenia, cancer, depression, chronic pain and women with breast cancer

Answer 28

It is not a memorized deck of jokes. It comes when therapists join in the laughter with the patients. This includes laughter, theater, verbal and physical play

Answer 29

it can establish rapport and verbalize emotionally charged interpersonal events.

Answer 30

humour helps patients to express embarrassing or frightening parts of their history

Answer 31

exercises the diaphragm and cardiovascular system. Increases heart rate and blood pressure initially after a while produces a longer decrease in heart rate, blood pressure and a relaxation response

Answer 32

decreased tone in muscles not involved in laughter. Also increases oxygenation of blood and decrease in residual air in the lungs

Answer 33

to facilitate insight and offer a sense of detachment or perspective. Can also build a closer relationship with therapist and patient

Answer 34

increased self esteem and heightened experiencing

Answer 35

The creation of a humour cart can be accomplished. They contain comic videos, funny cartoon books, props, makeup, and costumes and volunteers to consult when needed

Answer 36

Wearing a loud bowtie, singing on the ward, engaging in word play, posting cartoons around the hospital, and inviting comedians

Answer 37

not racist or sexist

Answer 38

1st: we must have a reason to laugh. Many censor laughter because we think the reason is not good enough

Answer 39

We laugh because we are happy when really we are happy because we laugh. We laugh because our body is fighting the distressed state it is in to feel better

Answer 40

a sense of humour is the same thing as laughing. You do not need a sense of humour to laugh. Sense of humour varies according to culture, age, gender etc and is learned. Having a sense of humour does not guarantee laughter

Answer 41

1: Humour is not the equilivent of laughter 2: Joking makes up a minor percentage of humour 3: Humour is not a form of therapy 4: Humour does not cure diseases; is only an adjuvant 5: Humour has not been demonstrated to release endorphins

Answer 42

a mature psychological response to stress which is responded to with amusement

Answer 43

with kindness, compassion and empathy

Answer 44

With a twinkle of the eye contact, gentle amusement, and only in rarest situations, jokes

Answer 45

1: altruism 2: humour 3: anticipation 4: suppression 5: sublimation

Answer 46

1: relationship 2: rapport 3: setting 4: time

Answer 47

1: nonverbal interaction 2: raising of forbidden subjects 3: jokes and other forms of verbal humour

Answer 48

yes, especially when it arises during stressful times. It is an important coping mechanism for everyone involved

Answer 49

First establish a rapport with the patient then look for humour by listening to what the patient jokes about Do not go into a room with a list of jokes

Answer 50

First they can be offensive | second, you have no knowledge of weather they will be receptive to your kidding around

Answer 51

They feel they have very little left to give. Finding humour in work and life may help to replenish from caregiver fatigue

Answer 52

Because of wide variation between individuals, there is no one size fits all approach. They should be used with care to ensure the right therapy is used

Answer 53

In a grey zone. Some places may accept it while others do not

Answer 54

Because the benefit is being induced by the mind anyway, the placebo effect doesn't matter. For example: Case #1. A patient suffering from arthritic pain is given a drug which has no direct action on arthritis. However, because of the placebo effect, the patient feels less pain. Case #2. A patient with arthritic pain is treated with music therapy and then feels less pain. The only difference is case one patient told pain will reduce where case 2 he is not told. If the patient feels less pain then does it really matter?

Answer 55

Dance, however, is somewhat different as physical activity is involved. With dance therapy, therefore, we cannot be sure whether any benefit is due to the physical activity or occurs by way of a direct effect on the brain.

Answer 56

Anecdotal evidence from people working in the institutions who promote these therapies.

Answer 57

Older persons in a nursing home in Hong Kong took part in an 8-week humour therapy program. Patients in another nursing home did not receive the program and served as a control group. There were 36 older people in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. At the end of the program, there were significant decreases in pain and perception of loneliness, and significant increases in happiness and life satisfaction for the experimental group, but not for the control group.

Answer 58

Exercise is generally useful for persons with depression and for that reason dance may be helpful. In addition to being a form of exercise, dance therapy may have other beneficial effects on brain function which may help improve the condition.

Answer 59

One form of research is to collect anecdotal observations (i.e., nurses and physicians report their observations based on the use of humour). However, this approach has serious limitations as explained in Unit 2. A research strategy that generates data of much more reliability is to carry out controlled study. One possible design is to use several different nursing homes. Half would receive humour as a therapy while the other would not. After a period of time the patients would be compared for any relevant changes in the patients, such as the quantity of medications used. However, it is important in this type of study to minimize observer bias (e.g., medical staff in the nursing homes that use humour expect to see improvements and therefore report improvements even if none take place).

Answer 60

The answer to this question is not really known. Music therapy is unlikely to have a negative effect on persons with dementia. However, there is likely to be much variation from patient to patient. Moreover, musical preferences vary widely. It is appropriate to suggest music as an adjunct to other treatments and to continue with it if it appears to be helpful.

Answer 61

Again, there is no simple answer to this question; it depends on the individual patients. Exercise is generally useful for persons with arthritis and for that reason dance may be helpful. However, many patients may have physical limitations that prevent them from dancing while others do not enjoy dancing.

Answer 62

There is no simple answer to this question; it depends on the individual patients. Humour may be appropriate for some patients but not for others. Similarly, a joke that one patient finds funny may cause offence to another patient. Another factor to consider is family members. Even if the patient is receptive to humour, the close family members may find this unacceptable.