Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

college psychology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Nature vs Nurture

A

Nature refers to heredity - the influence of inherited charactersitics on personality and physcial growth. Nurture refers to the influence of the environment on all of those same things that includes parenting styles and environmental surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genetics

A

science of heredity. This is understanding how genes transmit human characteristics and traits involves defining a few basic terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dominant gene

A

This gene will always be expressed in the observable trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Recessive genes

A

tend to recede or fade into the background when paired with a dominant gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dizygotic twins

A

this is when two eggs are fertilzed during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

monozygotic twins

A

meaning the egg spit from one egg to create two babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

germinal period

A

The first part of pregnancy (for about 2 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

embryonic period

A

lasts from about two weeks after conception to eight weeks. During this time the cells continue to specialize and become various organs of the human. At the end of 8 weeks, all organs are there even though they are not functioning properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

critical periods

A

times during which environmental influence can have an impact. These consist of the heart ( 2 weeks to 6 weeks and the limbs (3.5 to 8 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

teragtogen

A

This is any birth defect that is caused by a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

a series of physical and mental defects including stunted growth, facial deformities, and brain damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fetal period

A

period of time from 8 weeks to the conception of birth . This is the time that the baby grows the most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

first stage of Piaget’s stages. Occurs from birth to age 2. This is when they learn about all of their senses. They also have a full understanding of object permanence by the end of the stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

preoperational stage

A

ages 2-7. a time of developing language and concepts. During this stage a child will go through the understanding of egocentrsim, centration, conservation , and irreversibility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

centration

A

wanting the piece of pie that has two slices regardless of if the other slice is bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

conservation

A

conservation of water example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

concrete operations stage

A

ages 7-12. children become capable of conservation and reversible thinking. They are able to recognize that certain fantasy’s are not real. They cannot think abstractly though

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Formal operations stage

A

ages 12-adulthood. Abstract thinking becomes possible. Teenagers are able to think hypothetically .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who came up with the four stages of cognitive development?

A

Piaget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vygotsky’s theory

A

He had theories about development in children. But rather than dealing with objects, he dealt with social and culture factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 5 stages of Language development

A

Cooing, babbling, one-word speech, telegraphic speech, whole sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cooing

A

around 2 month old. vowel-like sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

babbling

A

at about six month, infants add consonant sounds to the vowels which at times sounds like real speech.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

one-word speech

A

just before age 1, most children are able to say words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

telegraphic speech

A

around 1 and half. toddlers begin to string words together to form short sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Whole sentences

A

by age 6, they are usually as fluent as most adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

temperament

A

the emotional and behavioral characteristics that are fairly well established at birth. There are 3 basic temperament styles: Easy, Difficult, Slow to warm up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the attachment styles (Mary Ainsworth)

A

Secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized - disoriented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Secure attachment

A

these babies did not like when the stranger came into the room and were very happy that the mother was in there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Avoidant

A

willing to explore. They did not “touch base” with their mothers and reacted very little to her return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ambivalent

A

clinging and unwilling to explore. There were upset by the stranger regardless of whether or not they were with their mom. The babies had mixed reactions as they were happy to see their mother but not kind of mad that she left

32
Q

Disorganzied - disorientated

A

some babies were hard to find how they should react to their mother leaving

33
Q

personal fable

A

the feeling that many teens have that they think so much that no one has ever had those thoughts beforre

34
Q

Imaginary aduience

A

the feeling in kids that everyone is always watching them and that they are the center of the world

35
Q

Authroitatrian parenting

A

overly concerned with rules. These parents demand perfection

36
Q

permissive parenting

A

these parents aren’t as involved in ones life and the kids don’t have any sort of obedience

37
Q

Authoritative parenting

A

involves firm limits on behavior with love and affection.

38
Q

Erikson stage 1

A

Trust vs Mistrust (birth to 1 year old)

39
Q

Erikson stage 2

A

Autonomy vs Shame (1 to 3 years old)

40
Q

Erikson stage 3

A

Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 5 years old)

41
Q

Erikson stage 4

A

Industry vs inferiority (5 to 12 years old)

42
Q

Erikson stage 5

A

Indentiy vs confusion (12 years to 20)

43
Q

Erkison stage 6

A

Intimacy vs Isolation (20s and 30s)

44
Q

Erikson stage 7

A

Generality vs Stagnation (40s and 50s)

45
Q

Erikson stage 8

A

Ego Integrity vs Despair (60s and beyond)

46
Q

Primary drives

A

these involve things like food thirst and sex

47
Q

secondary drives

A

the need for money, social acceptance etc

48
Q

Who thought of the need for affiliation, power and achievments model?

A

McClelland

49
Q

James-Lange theory

A

first the arousal happens, then the emotion

50
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

the emotion and the arousal happen at the same time

51
Q

Two factor

A

arousal happens first. Then the emotion is labeled. Then the emotion comes

52
Q

Cognitive Mediational

A

cognitive interpretation happens first. Then the emotion. then the arousal

53
Q

Facial Feedback

A

The facial expression happens first. Followed by the emotion

54
Q

what is the order of the Maslow’s hierarchy?

A
  1. ) physiological needs
  2. ) Safety needs
  3. ) Love and belonging
  4. ) Esteem needs (to achieve and be competent. and to gain approval)
  5. ) Cognitive needs (understanding and exploring the world)
  6. ) Aesthetic needs (to appreciate order and beauty)
  7. ) Self actualization needs (to finally reach ones full potential)
  8. ) Transcendence needs (to find spiritual meaning beyond one’s belief)
55
Q

self determination theory

A

This theory says that there are 3 inborn needs that help people gain a complete sense of their-self. These are autonomy, competence, and relatedness. (Richard Ryan and Edward Deci)

56
Q

problem focuses coping

A

Trying to get rid of the stressor

57
Q

Emotion focused coping

A

Trying to successfully deal with the problem by facing it and talking it through with someone to tackle it more directly

58
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of everything going on

59
Q

Waking state

A

Thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear

60
Q

Altered state

A

Shift in quality or pattern of mental activity

61
Q

circadian rhythm

A

24 hour body rhythm

62
Q

beta waves

A

person is wide awake and mentally active

63
Q

alpha ways

A

person is relaxed or lightly sleeping

64
Q

Non rem 1

A

theta waves. light sleep. brain is starting to fall asleep

65
Q

non rem 2

A

very temporary. breathing and heart rate decrease

66
Q

non rem 3

A

Delta waves. growth hormones released; hard to wake up (half the time spent asleep is here)

67
Q

Rem

A

eyes moving under eyelids. 90% of dreaming is done in REM

68
Q

REM rebound

A

spending lot of time in REM sleep the night after taking sleeping pills or other depressants

69
Q

Nightmares

A

bad dreams that take place in REM sleep

70
Q

Night terrors

A

bad dreams that take place in Non rem 3

71
Q

pons

A

sends signals to the upper part of the brain during REM

72
Q

thalmus

A

receives random signals from the pons and sends them to the proper sensory areas of the cortex

73
Q

cerebral cortex

A

this is the part of the brain that makes up the stories when dreaming

74
Q

Psychological dependence

A

the belief that the drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being

75
Q

Physical dependence

A

being unable to function without a certain drug

college psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions