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Anatomy Speech & Swallow > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cavity

A

Bound anteriorly and laterally by teeth and alveolar processes, superiorly by hard and soft palate, Posteriorly by palatoglossal arch, and inferiorly by muscular floor (mostly the tongue)

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2
Q

Oropharyngeal isthmus

A

Port through which oral cavity communicates with nasal and pharyngeal cavities. Bound by anterior faucial pillars, soft palate, and dorsum of tongue

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3
Q

Functions of teeth

A

Biological: chewing and beginning digestion

Non-biological: appearance and speech production (f,v,th)

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4
Q

Types of teeth

A 
Incisors (lateral and central) 8
Canines (cuspids) 4
Premolars (bicuspids) 8
Molars 12
Note: cusp is elevation on chewing surface of tooth
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5
Q

Occlusion

A

The full meeting or contact, in a position of rest, of the masticating surfaces of the upper and lower teeth (molars)

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6
Q

Type I occlusion

A

Normal: cusp of tooth fits into groove of lower tooth

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7
Q

Type II occlusion

A

A returned mandible, with respect to the maxillae, top cusp in front of bottom groove

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8
Q

Type III occlusion

A

A protruded mandible in relationship to the maxillae, top cusp behind bottom groove

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9
Q

Axiversion of teeth

A

Which way teeth are tipping

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10
Q

Infraversion of teeth

A

Tooth not through all the way, tooth not erupted all sufficiently to reach the line of occlusion

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11
Q

Supraversion

A

Tooth grown too high, past normal line of occlusion

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12
Q

Torsioversion

A

Tooth is rotated on its long axis

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13
Q

Distoversion

A

A tilting distally backward of the posterior teeth

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14
Q

Labioversion

A

Tilting of tooth towards lips or cheek

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15
Q

Linguoversion

A

Tilting of tooth towards the tongue

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16
Q

Mesioversion

A

Tilting of posterior teeth towards the midline of the anterior teeth

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17
Q

Supernumerary teeth

A

More teeth than the average person

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18
Q

Ectopic teeth

A

Teeth that occur where they are not expected

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19
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

An unpaired oval ring of muscle fibers located within the lips
Function: a sphincter muscle which, when contracted, closes the mouth and puckers the lips
*concern with eating and swallowing, bilabial consonants, and the rounding of some consonant sounds

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20
Q

Lip landmarks

A

Philtrum- b/t nose and top lip
Cupid’s bow- middle of upper lip
Vermillion zone- the pink part

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21
Q

Transverse facial muscles (2)

A

Buccinator

Risorius

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22
Q

Buccinator

A

Principle muscle of cheek
Origin: pterygomandibular ligament
Insertion: corner of mouth, upper and lower lips
Function: when contracted compresses the lips and cheeks against teeth and draws the corners of the mouth laterally
-prevents food from falling into the Buccal cavity

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23
Q

Risorius

A

Origin:originates from a fascia covering the masseter muscle
Insertion: most fibers insert onto skin and mucosa at the corner of the mouth (a few blend with muscles of the lower lip)
Function: helps draw the mouth angle laterally
- smiling, e sound

24
Q

Buccal cavity

A

Small space between lips + cheeks and gums +teeth

Note food can easily get caught there with swallowing disorders

25
Q

Angular muscles (5)

A

Levator labii superioris
Zygomatic minor and major
Depressor labii inferioris
Levator labii superioris aleque nasi

26
Q

Levator labii superioris (quadratus labii superior)

A 
Principle elevator of the upper lip
Origin: frontal process and infraorbital margin of the  maxillae
Insertion: Orbicularis oris (superior)
Function: raise the upper lip
- sounds e,p,a
27
Q

Zygomatic minor and major

A

Long slender muscles
Origin: arises from the malar (facial) surface of the zygomatic bone
Insertion: into the Orbicularis oris and into the corner of the mouth
Function: draws the angle of the mouth upward and laterally (grinning/smiling)

28
Q

Depressor labii inferioris (quadratus labii inferior)

A

A small flat, Quadrangular muscle located beneath the lower lip, lateral to the midline
Origin: arises from the oblique line of the mandible near the mental foramen
Insertion: corner of the mouth
Function: draws the lower lip downward and laterally

29
Q

Levator labii superioris aleque nasi

A

Origin: frontal process and infraorbital margin of the maxilla
Insertion: courses downward and divides into two slips, one inserting into the lateral cartilaginous framework of the nose and the other into the Orbicularis oris
Function: elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils

30
Q

Vertical facial muscles (3)

A

Mentalis
Depressor anguli oris (triangularis)
Levator anguli oris (canine)

31
Q

Mentalis

A

Small bundle of fibers
Origin: mandible in region of the mental tuberosity
Insertion: into the chin and Orbicularis oris (inferior)
Function: wrinkles the chin and everts the lower lip
- brings lip in

32
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

A flat triangular sheet of muscles (triangularis)
Origin: arises from the oblique line of the mandible
Insertion: into the Orbicularis oris at angle of the mouth
Function: either depresses the angle of the lip of assists in compression of the lips by drawing the upper lip downward
- important for eating

33
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

A flat triangular muscle above the angle of the mouth (canine)
Origin: canine fossa (indentation just lateral to canine eminence) on superficial surface of the maxilla
Insertion: into the upper lip and the lower lip at an angle
Function: draws corner of mouth upward and assists in closing the mouth

34
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Axial skeleton
Supports root of tongue
Origin or insertion for 22-23 muscles

35
Q

Primary biological functions of tongue

A

Taste
Mastication
Deglutition-swallowing

36
Q

Four regions of tongue

A

Tip
Blade (below upper alveolar ridge)
Front (just below the hard palate)
Back of tongue (beneath soft palate)

37
Q

Surface of tongue

A

Divided into two sections:palatine and pharyngeal surfaces

Divided by a shallow v-shaped groove called the sulcus terminalis

38
Q

Lingual frenulum (frenum)

A

Extends from the floor of the mouth at the midline to the underside of the tongue

39
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscles

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

40
Q

Superior longitudinal muscle of tongue

A

Lies just deep to the mucous membrane of the dorsum of the tongue
Origin: from submucous fibrous tissue close to the root of the tongue
Insertion: anterior edges of the tongue
Function: shortens the tongue or it may turn the top and lateral margins upward
-muscle runs just along surface of tongue
-incorrect use causes lisp
Intrinsic
I

41
Q

Inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue

A

Located on the under surface of the tongue
Origin: root of the tongue
Insertion: apex of the tongue
Function: either shortens the tongue or it may pull the tip downward
Intrinsic

42
Q

Transverse muscle of the tongue

A

Origin: from the median fibrous septum (midline)
Insertion: submucous fibrous tissue at the lateral margins of the tongue
Function: narrows and elongates the tongue
Intrinsic

43
Q

Vertical muscle of the tongue

A

Origin: originates from the mucous membrane of the dorsum of the tongue
Insertion: inferior surface of the tongue
Function: flattens the tongue
Intrinsic

44
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Styloglossis
Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus

45
Q

Genioglossus muscle of tongue

A

Forms the bulk of tongue tissue
Origin: mental tubercle on the posterior surface of the mandibular symphysis
Insertion: the lower fibers go to the hyoid bone while the remainder radiate fan-like into the submucous tissue from the root to the tip on either side of mid-line
Function: the posterior fibers draw the whole of tongue anteriorly to protrude the tip from the mouth and contraction of the anterior fibers retracts the tongue
Extrinsic

46
Q

Styloglossus

A

Origin: from the anterior surface of the styloid process
Insertion: some fibers enters the side of the tongue and enter into the inferior longitudinal muscle while the remainder overlap and blend with the hyoglossus
Function: draws the tongue upward and backward (true antagonist of the genioglossus), it may also draw the sides of the tongue upward
Extrinsic

47
Q

Glossopalatine muscle of the tongue

A

May be considered either as a muscle of the tongue or the palate (palatoglossus) (anterior faucial pillar)
Origin: anterior surface of the soft palate
Insertion: into the sides of the tongue
Function: May either lower the soft palate or raise the back of the tongue (forms anterior faucial pillar)
- lower soft palate for m,n,ung sounds
Extrinsic

48
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Origin: upper border of the greater Cornu and from the corpus of the hyoid bone
Insertion: lateral submucous tissue of the posterior half of the tongue
Function: retracts and depresses the tongue or may elevate the hyoid bone
Extrinsic

49
Q

Role of the mandible

A

Principle function is mastication
Modifies resonant characteristics of vocal tract during speech production
Houses lower teeth, also important to speech production

50
Q

Temporalmandibular joints

A

Paired joints (left and right side)
Artic. B/t mandible and left & right temporal bones
Enclosed by fibrous capsule and lubricated with synovial fluid
Each joint= condyle which fits into an elliptical-shaped cavity with the temporal bone

51
Q

Temporomandibular ligaments (3)

A

Temporomandibular-limits downward/upward movement
Sphenodmandibular-limits downward/backward movement
Stylomandibular-limits downward/forward movement

52
Q

Four types of movement of temporomandibular joint

A

1) occlusion (static)
2) mandible raising/lowering (hinge-like action)
3) mandible moved forward/backward-protrusion/retraction (gliding action)
4) front of mandible moved to side-lateral movement (gliding action)

53
Q

External pterygoid

A

Origin: from2 heads, 1 from lateral portion of greater wing of sphenoid and other from lateral surface of pterygoid plate
Insertion: condyloid process of the mandible and into the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint
Function: protruded the mandible and is also important in the grinding action, also helps depress the jaw by pulling the condyle forward, also involved in lateral movement of jaw

54
Q

Masseter

A

Most powerful muscle of mastication (internal and external layers)
Origin: external layer comes from the zygomatic, internal layer from posterior surface of zygomatic arch
Insertion: external into angle &lateral surface of Ramus, internal into upper half of the Ramus and lateral surface of coronoid process
Function: closes jaw (grinding action)

55
Q

Temporalis muscle

A

A broad, thin, fan shaped muscle
Origin: entire temporal fossa
Insertion: under zygomatic arch to insert at anterior border of the Ramus
Function: closes, retracts, and lateralizes the mandible

56
Q

Internal (medial) pterygoid

A

Origin: from lateral pterygoid plate and the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
Insertion: medial surface of the Ramus and angle
Function: raising and protruding the mandible leading to a rotary grinding action
- chewing

57
Q

Madibular sling

A

Made by medial pterygoid and masseter
Is a muscular sling in which the angle of mandible rests and straps Ramus to skull
Forms functional articulation between the mandible and maxillae, which the temporomandibular joint acting as a guide

Anatomy Speech & Swallow (4 decks)

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