Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cavity

A

Bound anteriorly and laterally by teeth and alveolar processes, superiorly by hard and soft palate, Posteriorly by palatoglossal arch, and inferiorly by muscular floor (mostly the tongue)

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2
Q

Oropharyngeal isthmus

A

Port through which oral cavity communicates with nasal and pharyngeal cavities. Bound by anterior faucial pillars, soft palate, and dorsum of tongue

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3
Q

Functions of teeth

A

Biological: chewing and beginning digestion

Non-biological: appearance and speech production (f,v,th)

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4
Q

Types of teeth

A
Incisors (lateral and central) 8
Canines (cuspids) 4
Premolars (bicuspids) 8
Molars 12
Note: cusp is elevation on chewing surface of tooth
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5
Q

Occlusion

A

The full meeting or contact, in a position of rest, of the masticating surfaces of the upper and lower teeth (molars)

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6
Q

Type I occlusion

A

Normal: cusp of tooth fits into groove of lower tooth

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7
Q

Type II occlusion

A

A returned mandible, with respect to the maxillae, top cusp in front of bottom groove

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8
Q

Type III occlusion

A

A protruded mandible in relationship to the maxillae, top cusp behind bottom groove

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9
Q

Axiversion of teeth

A

Which way teeth are tipping

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10
Q

Infraversion of teeth

A

Tooth not through all the way, tooth not erupted all sufficiently to reach the line of occlusion

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11
Q

Supraversion

A

Tooth grown too high, past normal line of occlusion

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12
Q

Torsioversion

A

Tooth is rotated on its long axis

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13
Q

Distoversion

A

A tilting distally backward of the posterior teeth

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14
Q

Labioversion

A

Tilting of tooth towards lips or cheek

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15
Q

Linguoversion

A

Tilting of tooth towards the tongue

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16
Q

Mesioversion

A

Tilting of posterior teeth towards the midline of the anterior teeth

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17
Q

Supernumerary teeth

A

More teeth than the average person

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18
Q

Ectopic teeth

A

Teeth that occur where they are not expected

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19
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

An unpaired oval ring of muscle fibers located within the lips
Function: a sphincter muscle which, when contracted, closes the mouth and puckers the lips
*concern with eating and swallowing, bilabial consonants, and the rounding of some consonant sounds

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20
Q

Lip landmarks

A

Philtrum- b/t nose and top lip
Cupid’s bow- middle of upper lip
Vermillion zone- the pink part

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21
Q

Transverse facial muscles (2)

A

Buccinator

Risorius

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22
Q

Buccinator

A

Principle muscle of cheek
Origin: pterygomandibular ligament
Insertion: corner of mouth, upper and lower lips
Function: when contracted compresses the lips and cheeks against teeth and draws the corners of the mouth laterally
-prevents food from falling into the Buccal cavity

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23
Q

Risorius

A

Origin:originates from a fascia covering the masseter muscle
Insertion: most fibers insert onto skin and mucosa at the corner of the mouth (a few blend with muscles of the lower lip)
Function: helps draw the mouth angle laterally
- smiling, e sound

24
Q

Buccal cavity

A

Small space between lips + cheeks and gums +teeth

Note food can easily get caught there with swallowing disorders

25
Angular muscles (5)
Levator labii superioris Zygomatic minor and major Depressor labii inferioris Levator labii superioris aleque nasi
26
Levator labii superioris (quadratus labii superior)
``` Principle elevator of the upper lip Origin: frontal process and infraorbital margin of the maxillae Insertion: Orbicularis oris (superior) Function: raise the upper lip - sounds e,p,a ```
27
Zygomatic minor and major
Long slender muscles Origin: arises from the malar (facial) surface of the zygomatic bone Insertion: into the Orbicularis oris and into the corner of the mouth Function: draws the angle of the mouth upward and laterally (grinning/smiling)
28
Depressor labii inferioris (quadratus labii inferior)
A small flat, Quadrangular muscle located beneath the lower lip, lateral to the midline Origin: arises from the oblique line of the mandible near the mental foramen Insertion: corner of the mouth Function: draws the lower lip downward and laterally
29
Levator labii superioris aleque nasi
Origin: frontal process and infraorbital margin of the maxilla Insertion: courses downward and divides into two slips, one inserting into the lateral cartilaginous framework of the nose and the other into the Orbicularis oris Function: elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils
30
Vertical facial muscles (3)
Mentalis Depressor anguli oris (triangularis) Levator anguli oris (canine)
31
Mentalis
Small bundle of fibers Origin: mandible in region of the mental tuberosity Insertion: into the chin and Orbicularis oris (inferior) Function: wrinkles the chin and everts the lower lip - brings lip in
32
Depressor anguli oris
A flat triangular sheet of muscles (triangularis) Origin: arises from the oblique line of the mandible Insertion: into the Orbicularis oris at angle of the mouth Function: either depresses the angle of the lip of assists in compression of the lips by drawing the upper lip downward - important for eating
33
Levator anguli oris
A flat triangular muscle above the angle of the mouth (canine) Origin: canine fossa (indentation just lateral to canine eminence) on superficial surface of the maxilla Insertion: into the upper lip and the lower lip at an angle Function: draws corner of mouth upward and assists in closing the mouth
34
Hyoid bone
Axial skeleton Supports root of tongue Origin or insertion for 22-23 muscles
35
Primary biological functions of tongue
Taste Mastication Deglutition-swallowing
36
Four regions of tongue
Tip Blade (below upper alveolar ridge) Front (just below the hard palate) Back of tongue (beneath soft palate)
37
Surface of tongue
Divided into two sections:palatine and pharyngeal surfaces | Divided by a shallow v-shaped groove called the sulcus terminalis
38
Lingual frenulum (frenum)
Extends from the floor of the mouth at the midline to the underside of the tongue
39
Intrinsic tongue muscles
Superior longitudinal Inferior longitudinal Transverse Vertical
40
Superior longitudinal muscle of tongue
Lies just deep to the mucous membrane of the dorsum of the tongue Origin: from submucous fibrous tissue close to the root of the tongue Insertion: anterior edges of the tongue Function: shortens the tongue or it may turn the top and lateral margins upward -muscle runs just along surface of tongue -incorrect use causes lisp Intrinsic I
41
Inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue
Located on the under surface of the tongue Origin: root of the tongue Insertion: apex of the tongue Function: either shortens the tongue or it may pull the tip downward Intrinsic
42
Transverse muscle of the tongue
Origin: from the median fibrous septum (midline) Insertion: submucous fibrous tissue at the lateral margins of the tongue Function: narrows and elongates the tongue Intrinsic
43
Vertical muscle of the tongue
Origin: originates from the mucous membrane of the dorsum of the tongue Insertion: inferior surface of the tongue Function: flattens the tongue Intrinsic
44
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus Styloglossis Palatoglossus Hyoglossus
45
Genioglossus muscle of tongue
Forms the bulk of tongue tissue Origin: mental tubercle on the posterior surface of the mandibular symphysis Insertion: the lower fibers go to the hyoid bone while the remainder radiate fan-like into the submucous tissue from the root to the tip on either side of mid-line Function: the posterior fibers draw the whole of tongue anteriorly to protrude the tip from the mouth and contraction of the anterior fibers retracts the tongue Extrinsic
46
Styloglossus
Origin: from the anterior surface of the styloid process Insertion: some fibers enters the side of the tongue and enter into the inferior longitudinal muscle while the remainder overlap and blend with the hyoglossus Function: draws the tongue upward and backward (true antagonist of the genioglossus), it may also draw the sides of the tongue upward Extrinsic
47
Glossopalatine muscle of the tongue
May be considered either as a muscle of the tongue or the palate (palatoglossus) (anterior faucial pillar) Origin: anterior surface of the soft palate Insertion: into the sides of the tongue Function: May either lower the soft palate or raise the back of the tongue (forms anterior faucial pillar) - lower soft palate for m,n,ung sounds Extrinsic
48
Hyoglossus
Origin: upper border of the greater Cornu and from the corpus of the hyoid bone Insertion: lateral submucous tissue of the posterior half of the tongue Function: retracts and depresses the tongue or may elevate the hyoid bone Extrinsic
49
Role of the mandible
Principle function is mastication Modifies resonant characteristics of vocal tract during speech production Houses lower teeth, also important to speech production
50
Temporalmandibular joints
Paired joints (left and right side) Artic. B/t mandible and left & right temporal bones Enclosed by fibrous capsule and lubricated with synovial fluid Each joint= condyle which fits into an elliptical-shaped cavity with the temporal bone
51
Temporomandibular ligaments (3)
Temporomandibular-limits downward/upward movement Sphenodmandibular-limits downward/backward movement Stylomandibular-limits downward/forward movement
52
Four types of movement of temporomandibular joint
1) occlusion (static) 2) mandible raising/lowering (hinge-like action) 3) mandible moved forward/backward-protrusion/retraction (gliding action) 4) front of mandible moved to side-lateral movement (gliding action)
53
External pterygoid
Origin: from2 heads, 1 from lateral portion of greater wing of sphenoid and other from lateral surface of pterygoid plate Insertion: condyloid process of the mandible and into the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint Function: protruded the mandible and is also important in the grinding action, also helps depress the jaw by pulling the condyle forward, also involved in lateral movement of jaw
54
Masseter
Most powerful muscle of mastication (internal and external layers) Origin: external layer comes from the zygomatic, internal layer from posterior surface of zygomatic arch Insertion: external into angle &lateral surface of Ramus, internal into upper half of the Ramus and lateral surface of coronoid process Function: closes jaw (grinding action)
55
Temporalis muscle
A broad, thin, fan shaped muscle Origin: entire temporal fossa Insertion: under zygomatic arch to insert at anterior border of the Ramus Function: closes, retracts, and lateralizes the mandible
56
Internal (medial) pterygoid
Origin: from lateral pterygoid plate and the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone Insertion: medial surface of the Ramus and angle Function: raising and protruding the mandible leading to a rotary grinding action - chewing
57
Madibular sling
Made by medial pterygoid and masseter Is a muscular sling in which the angle of mandible rests and straps Ramus to skull Forms functional articulation between the mandible and maxillae, which the temporomandibular joint acting as a guide