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Anatomy Speech & Swallow > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal plane/coronal plane

A

Separate body into front and back (for coronal through coronal suture-tends to be used in regards to head?)

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2
Q

Ventral

A

Towards front of body (away from back bone)

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3
Q

Anterior

A

Towards front of body

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4
Q

Dorsal

A

Away from front of body (towards backbone)

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5
Q

Posterior

A

Towards back or away from front (reference to head or free extremities)

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6
Q

Cranial

A

Towards head (rostral)

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7
Q

Caudal

A

Towards tail

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8
Q

Superior and inferior

A

Upper lower

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9
Q

Superficial and deep

A

At surface and away from surface

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10
Q

Medial

A

Towards axis of body

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Away from center of body

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12
Q

Peripheral

A

Towards outer surface of body

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13
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane, separates body into left and right

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14
Q

5 types of elementary tissue

A

Epithelium, connective, muscular, nervous, vascular

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15
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers things (external surface of body and lines tubes and passages to exterior)

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16
Q

Connective tissue

A

Bind/connect structures, provides body support, aids in bodily maintenance

  • loose=areolar and adipose
  • dense=tendons, ligaments, fasciae, reticular
  • soecialized=bones and cartilage
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17
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

1) hyaline- covers the articular surfaces of joints and for,s framework of larynx, trachea, and bronchi
2) elastic- occurs in external auditory meatus, epiglottis, and some small laryngeal cartilage
3) fibrous- some joints of body and some ligaments, particularly spinal column

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18
Q

Tendons

A

Muscle to bone

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19
Q

Ligaments

A

Bone to bone

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20
Q

The three body cavities

A

Pleural-lungs
Pericardial-heart
Peritoneal- digestive organs

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21
Q

Two kinds of bones

A

Dense/compact

Spongy/ cancellous

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22
Q

Haversian canals

A

Bone marrow

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23
Q

How many bones in adult human skeleton

A

206

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24
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Spine, cranium, ribs

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25
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Appendages

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26
Q

What are the three types of joints

A

Synarthrodic-immovable
Ampiarthrodic- slightly moveable
Diarthrotic-freely moveable

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27
Q

What are the three types of muscle

A

Smooth, cardiac, striated (aka skeletal)

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28
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

In heart, appear striated, involuntary control

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29
Q

Smooth (visceral) muscle

A

In walls of hollow visceral organs, appear spindle shaped, involuntary control

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30
Q

Striated muscle

A

Attached to skeleton, striated, voluntary control, multi-nucleated

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31
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscles do not shorten

32
Q

Isotonic

A

Muscles shorten but tension remains the same

33
Q

Vertebrae numbers

A

32-34 total
7 cervical (extra foramen on each transverse)
12 thoracic (extra facet for rib attachment)
5 lumbar (large)
5 sacral (fused with foramen)
3-5 coccygeal (fused without foramen)

34
Q

Corpus (of vertebrae)

A

Body, bulk

35
Q

Pedicle

A

Legs of vertebrae

36
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Hole where spinal cord runs through

37
Q

Neural arch

A

Offers protection to spinal cord, makes up back part of foramen

38
Q

Spinous process

A

Acts as attachment for muscles and is the point on back

39
Q

Transverse process

A

Projects laterally on either side of vertebrae

40
Q

How many pairs of ribs and break down

A

12 total
1-7 are true (attached to sternum)
8-10 are false (attached with cartilage)
11-12 are floating (nit attached to sternum)

41
Q

Costal attachments

A

Posteriorly- attach to thoracic vertebrae at costal-transverse and costal-lateral articulations (aka costo-vertebral)

Anteriorly- attach at costo-sternal articulation (aka costochronal)

42
Q

Costochronal

A

Where ribs attach to sternum

43
Q

Three parts of sternum

A

Manubrium
Body/corpus
Ensiform/xyphoid process

44
Q

What ribs attach to the corpus

A

Ribs 3-7

45
Q

Diaphragm

A

Inspiration
Origin:xyphoid process
Insertion: central tendon of diaphragm
Function: expand thoracic cavity

46
Q

External intercostal

A

Inspiration
Origin: inferior surface of ribs 1-11
Insertion: upper surface of rib directly below
Function: elevate ribs

47
Q

Internal intercostals (inter cartilaginous portion)

A

Inspiration
Origin: inferior surface of ribs1-11 at the anterior cartilaginous portion of the ribs–lies under external intercostals
Insertion: course down to the upper surface of the rib directly below
Function: elevate the ribs

48
Q

Levator costarum, longis

A

Inspiration
Origin: transverse processes of t7-t11
Insertion: course down and obliquely out; bypass the rib below the point of origin and inserting into the next rib below
Function: elevates the ribs

49
Q

Levator costarum, brevis

A

Inspiration
Origin: transverse processes of t7-t11
Insertion: course obliquely down and out to insert at the tubercle of the rib below
Function: elevate the ribs

50
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A

Inspiration
Origin: spinous processes of c7 and t1-t3
Insertion: course down and laterally to insert just beyond the angles of ribs 2 through 5
Function:elevate the ribs

51
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Inspiration
Origin: mastoid bone process of the temporal bone
Insertion: course down and in to insert into the superior portion of the manubrium and the clavicle
Function: elevates sternum and rib cage

52
Q

Scalenus anterior

A

Inspiration
Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae c3-c6
Insertion: course down to insert into the superior surface of rib 1
Function: elevate rib 1 (subsequently elevate all other ribs)

53
Q

Scalenus medius

A

Inspiration
Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae c2-c7
Insertion: course down to the superior surface of the first rib
Function: elevate 1st rib

54
Q

Scalenus posterior

A

Inspiration
Origin: transverse processes of c5-c7
Insertion: course down to insert at the second rib
Function: elevate 2nd rib

55
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Inspiration
Origin: sternal head;length of the sternum at the costal cartilages; clavicular head; and the anterior clavicle
Insertion: fan-like laterally, converge at humerous, insert greater tubercle of humerous
Function: elevates sternum, expand rib cage laterally

56
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Inspiration
Origin: anterior surface of ribs 2-5 near chondral margin deep to major
Insertion: courses up and laterally to insert into the coracoid process of the scapula
Function: increase transverse dimension of rib cage

57
Q

Subclavius

A

Inspiration
Origin: inferior surface of the clavicle
Insertion: courses obliquely and medically to insert at the superior surface of rib 1 at the chondral margin
Function: elevate 1st rib

58
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Inspiration
Origin:inferior surface if the clavicle
Insertion: courses obliquely and medially to insert at the superior surface of rib 1 at the chondral margin *more on the side, subclavius is more in front
Function: elevate 1st rib

59
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Inspiration and expiration
Origin: lower thoracic, along with the lumbar and sacral vertebrae and back surface of ribs 8-12
Insertion:courses upward across the back of the lower torso at different angles to insert into the humerous
Function: w/arm fixed it elevates the lower ribs (also functions w/ expiration) with expiration stabilizes posterior abd. Wall

60
Q

Lateral iliocostalis cervis

A 
Inspiration
Origin:outer surface of ribs 3-6
Insertion: courses upward and toward the midline to insert into the 4-6 cervical vertebrae
Function: elevate ribs 3-6
*fixed part =cervical vertebrae
61
Q

Lateral iliocostalis thoracis

A

Inspiration and expiration
Origin: upper edges of ribs 7-12
Insertion: courses upward and toward the midline to insert into the lower edges of ribs 1-6
Function: stabilizes large segments of the back of rib cage wall and makes them move along with the rib cage in expiration makes segments move with rib depression

62
Q

Internal intercostal-interosseous portion

A

Expiration
Origin: inferior margin of ribs 1-11(only osseous portion not cartilage)
Insertion: course down and laterally to insert at superior surface of the rib below (fill space b/t ribs)
Function:depress ribs 1-11

63
Q

Transversus thoracis

A

Expiration
Origin: posterior surface of the sternum along the body and xyphoid process
Insertion: course up and laterally to insert at the inner chondral surface of ribs 2-6 (short muscle)
Function: depress the rib cage

64
Q

Subcostal

A

Expiration
Origin: from the inner surface of the rib near the angle
Insertion: course down and laterally to insert on the inner surface of the second or third rib below
Function: depress the rib cage

65
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

Expiration
Origin: spinous process of t11,t12, and L1-3
Insertion: course up and laterally to insert at the lower margin of ribs 8-12
Function: pulls rib cage down (depresses the rib cage) and supports the expiratory effort

66
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

Expiration
Origin: posterior abdominal wall at the vertebral column via the thoracolumbar fascia(sheet of connective tissue) of the abdominal aponeurosis
Insertion: course laterally to insert at the transverse abdominis aponeurosis and inner surface of ribs 6-12
Function: compress the abdomen

67
Q

Internal oblique abdominis

A

Expiration
Origin: inguinal ligament and iliac crest
Insertion: fan-like medially to insert on the cartilaginous portion of the lower ribs and the portion of the abdominal aponeurosis lateral to the rectus abdominus
Function: rotate/flex trunk and compress abdomen

68
Q

External oblique abdominis

A

Expiration
Origin: osseous portion of the lower seven ribs
Insertion: course fan-like downward to insert at the iliac crest
Function: bilateral contraction flexes the vertebral column, compresses the abdomen

69
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Expiration
Origin: originates as 4 or 5 segments at the pubis inferiorly
Insertion: courses up to the xyphoid process of the sternum and the cartilage of ribs 5-7
Function: flex ion of vertebral column (also keeps trunk in position-respiration)

70
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Expiration
Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: fan-like up and medially to insert at the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae and the inferior border of rib 12
Function: fixes abd. Wall in support of abd. Compression in bilateral contraction

71
Q

Lateral iliocostalis lumborum

A

Expiration
Origin: lumbodorsal fascia, lumbar vertebrae, and back surface of the coxal bone
Insertion: courses upward and medially to insert into the lower edges of ribs 7-12

72
Q

Pulmonary airways

A

Trachea divides to main stream bronchi (left and right) divide into smaller lobar bronchi the alveoli

73
Q

Pleura (visceral and parietal)

A

Visceral covers the outer surface of lungs
Parietal covers inner surface of chest wall
Allow lungs to move ink chest wall without friction and also fluid links the membranes together

74
Q

Four structures of the chest wall

A

Rib cage
Diaphragm
Abdominal wall
Abdominal content

75
Q

Passive forces from inspiration

A

Elastic recoil
Untwisting
Gravitational

76
Q

Active forces

A

Muscle contractions of expiratory muscles decrease size of the the thoracic cavity and contraction of the inspiratory muscles increase the size of the thoracic cavity

Anatomy Speech & Swallow (4 decks)

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