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Anatomy Speech & Swallow > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Three landmarks of anterior maxilla

A

Canine eminence, infra-orbital foramen, anterior nasal spines=right at bottom of septum

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2
Q

Alveolar canals

A

Carry posterior-superior blood vessels and nerves
Is located in the alveolar process
Posterior maxilla

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3
Q

Maxillary tuberosity

A

Articulates with the palatine bone
Is an elevation or protuberance, back around where wisdom tooth is
Posterior maxilla

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4
Q

Two landmarks of posterior surface

A

Alveolar canals and maxillary tuberosity

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5
Q

Two landmarks of superior surface of maxilla

A

Infra orbital groove, which carries infraorbital blood vessels and nerves (below orbit)

The surface is triangular in shape and forms the floor of the orbital cavity

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6
Q

Landmarks of the nasal (medial) surface (there are seven)

A
  • Nasal crest-above nasal spine
  • anterior nasal spines
  • palatine process
  • premaxilla-incisive bone
  • premaxillary suture
  • intermaxillary suture-where two halves of maxilla come together
  • transverse maxillapalatine suture- runs horizontal across back of mouth
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7
Q

Alveolar process

A

Thick spongy part of maxilla that houses the teeth (divided into 8 cavities, which contain teeth)

Most important for speech sound production (t and d sounds)

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8
Q

Nine bones maxillae articulate with

A

Frontal, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, palatine, vomer, inferior nasal concha, fellow maxillae

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9
Q

The nasal bones

A

Two oblong plates that form the bridge of the nose

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10
Q

Other name for zygomatic bone

A

Malar (l. Malar, cheek) bone

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11
Q

Four processes of zygomatic bone

A

Frontosphenoidal
Orbital
Maxillary
Temporal

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12
Q

What forms zygomatic arch?

A

Zygomatic bone and zygomatic processes of the maxilla and temporal bones

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13
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Smallest facial bones, form part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity

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14
Q

Four bones each lacrimal articulates with

A

Frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, inferior nasal concha

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15
Q

Inferior nasal concha

A

Also called turbanate, scroll shaped bone, warms air coming into nose and humidify the air coming into nose

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16
Q

Vomer

A

Makes up the inferior half of the bony septum

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17
Q

Role of velum

A

Vary degree of acoustic coupling between the oral and nasal cavities,
Only open for m,n,ing-complete coupling, nasal sounds. More closed for all other sounds (though not necessarily completely)
Coarticulation= open to close takes time and makes it hard to pronounce things correctly

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18
Q

Four surfaces of maxilla

A

Anterior, posterior (infra temporal), superior (orbital), medial (nasal)

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19
Q

3 tissue layers of pharyngeal tube

A

Fibrous top coat called pharyngeal aponeurosis

Mucous middle coat

Relatively strong muscular layer bottom coat

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20
Q

Pharyngeal aponeurosis

A

Connective tissue right under mucosa of pharynx

21
Q

What is suspended from pharyngeal aponeurosis?

A

Muscular portion of he pharynx

22
Q

3 pairs of constrictors that make up the pharynx

A

Superior, middle, and inferior

23
Q

Superior constrictors

A

Weakest but most complex pharyngeal muscles

  • consists of 4 muscle bundles
  • pterygopharyngeal
  • buccopharyngeus
  • mylopharyngeus
  • glossopharyngeus
24
Q

Middle constrictors

A

Fan-shaped

  • two groups of muscle fibers
  • ceratopheryngeus
  • chondropharyngeus
25
Q

Inferior constrictor muscle

A

Thickest and strongest of the pharyngeal muscles

Arise from the lamina and superior horn of the thyroid cartilage (a substantial part of the inferior constrictor is a continuation of the sternothyroid muscle)

26
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

Origin: medial side of the base of the styloid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: into the superior and middle constrictors, superior horn of the thyroid cartilage
Function: elevation of the pharynx and larynx, dilation of the pharynx
*note: long slip of muscle down and along side of pharynx and enters b/t superior and middle constrictors

27
Q

Salpinogopharyngeus

A

Origin: inferior border of the medial aspect of the cartilage at the orifice of the auditory tube
Insertion: vertically to blend with fibers of the platapharyngeus muscle
Function: draws the lateral walls of the pharynx upward and medially (gag reflex)
*note: long, very slender slip of muscle similar to stylopharyngeus

28
Q

Palatopharyngeus (pharyngopalatine)

A

Origin: soft palate
Insertion: blends into the stylopharyngeus muscle which terminated at posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Function: guides bolus into lower pharynx, acts as sphincter by decreasing distance b/t posterior faucial pillars
-bolus moves high to low pressure
*note: forms pharyngopalatine arch which makes up posterior faucial pillars

29
Q

5 muscles of soft plate (velum) mobility

A

Two depressors: glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine, nasal sounds
Two elevators: levator palatine and uvular, oral sounds raise velum
One elevator tensor: tensor palatine

30
Q

Levator palatine

A

Origin: apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the medial plate of the cartilaginous framework of the Eustachian tube
Insertion: into the palatine aponeurosis (meets with other from opposite side)
Function: lifts soft palate upward and backward

31
Q

Tensor palatine

A

Origin: base of the medial pterygoid plate
Insertion: into the palatal aponeurosis and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone
Function: flattens-spreads to meet lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls, tenses, and lowers the soft palate

32
Q

Uvular

A

Origin: nasal spines of the palatine bone
Insertion: Into the uvula
Function: shortens and lifts the soft palate

33
Q

Glossopalatine

A

Origin: anterior surface of the soft palate
Insertion: into the sides of the tongue, resulting in the anterior faucial pillars
Function: depresses the soft palate

34
Q

Pharyngopalatine (palatopharyngeus)

A

On another card!

Forms pharyngopalatine arch which comprises the posterior faucial pillars

35
Q

Passavant’s pad

A

Bulge of muscle tissue created by forward movement of posterior pharyngeal wall at about the level of the arch or tubercle of the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
Created by fusion of fibers from palatopharyngeal ,uscles and pterygopharyngeal portion of the superior constrictor

36
Q

Passavant’s pad and cleft palate

A

Appears more prominent I those with cleft palate wherein inadequate soft palate tissue may be compensated for by active movement of the posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls

37
Q

Pyriform sinus

A

Formed where inferior constrictor attaches to sides of thyroid cartilage anteriorly, a space is formed b/t these fibers and the sides of the thyroid cartilage. This space is referred to as the pyriform sinus

38
Q

Pyriform sinus function

A

Ends inferiorly at cricopharyngeus muscle, which is he most inferior structure of the pharynx and serves as the valve at the top of the esophagus
*at rest these fibers (aka pharyngoesoohageal juncture or P-E segment) are in tonic contraction to prevent air from entering the esophagus during respiration and material from refluxing back up the esophagus and into the larynx

39
Q

Valleculae

A

The wedge shaped space formed between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis
*note: together valleculae and pyriform sinuses are known as the pharyngeal recess or side pockets which food may fall into and stay before or after the swelling reflex triggers

40
Q

Esophagus

A

23-25cm long
2 layers of muscle:inner circular and outer longitudinal
Both layers are striated muscle in upper 1/3, mix of striated and smooth in middle 1/3 and smooth in lower 1/3

41
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Projects down from between the orbital plates of the frontal bone and contributes to the walls of the orbital and nasal cavities, as well as to the medial portion of the anterior cranial base

42
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forms anterior part of brain case

43
Q

Parietal bones

A

Form most of the rounded roof of the cranium

44
Q

Occipital bone

A

Forms the lower and back portions of the cranium

45
Q

Temporal bone

A

Forms most of the lateral base and sides of the brain case

46
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Located at the base of the skull, back if the ethmoid and anterior to the foramen magnum and basilar part of the occipital bone

47
Q

Four parts oft he ethmoid bone

A

The horizontal (cribriform) plate
Two lateral masses referred to as the superior and the middle nasal conchae (part of nasal cavity)
A perpendicular plate

48
Q

Cranial skeleton bones

A 
1 ethmoid
1 frontal
2 parietal
1 occipital 
2 temporal
1 sphenoid

Anatomy Speech & Swallow (4 decks)

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