Unit 4 Flashcards
Dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions. Resulted from thee combo impact of the increased output of farms and factories, the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants, and the development of a transportation network of roads, canals and RR.
Market Revolution
American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)
Robert Fulton
A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.
Erie Canal
He memorized the way that the British made machines and he brought the idea to America. He made our first cotton spinning machine.
Samuel Slater
was a paternalistic textile factory system of the early 19th century that employed mainly young women [age 15-35] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and profits in ways different from other methods
Lowell System
This was the first widespread economic crisis in the United States which brought deflation, depression, backrushes, bank failures, unemployment and soup kitchens. This set back nationalism to more sectionalism and hurt the poorer class, which gave way to Jacksonian Democracy
Panic of 1819
As president he opposed the Bank of US, did not allow individual states to nullify federal laws, was responsible for the Indian Removal Act, the “Trail of Tears”. Created Spoils System
Andrew Jackson
conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay’s American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster
Whigs (Party)
Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act’s provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West.
Indian Removal Act
The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands.
Trail of Tears
The bill favored western agricultural interests by raising tariffs or import taxes on imported hemp, wool, fur, flax, and liquor, thus favoring Northern manufacturers. In the South, these tariffs raised the cost of manufactured goods, thus angering them and causing more sectionalist feelings.
Tariff of Abominations
The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state’s opinion, violates the Constitution.
Nullification
Senator who persuaded Congress to accept the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine into the Union as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state
Henry Clay
Famous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union.
Daniel Webster
Famous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union.
2nd Bank of the United States
When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.
Panic of 1837
a Democratic-Republican Senator from New York, rallied the factory workers of the North in support of Jackson. He became Jackson’s V.P. after Calhoun resigned. Also became the leader of the Albany Regency, a clique of wealthy landowners who controlled New York politics.
Martin Van Buren
It was a Whig party presidential campaign of William Henry Harrison in 1840. It portrayed Harrison as a simple man sprung from the people when in reality he was rich. It won Harrison the election. Campaigning among the masses.
Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign
whites agreed to stay off certain areas of Indian land (beginning of reservations)
Fort Laramie Conference
In 1847, a group of these people led by this man (leader after Joseph Smith was killed in 1844) followed Oregon Trail to Utah where they built a new settlement called Salt Lake City.
Mormons/Brigham Young
Mexican dictator who was in charge when war broke out between the Mexicans and Americans. He lost Texas to rebels, and was the leader of the armed forces during the war.
Santa Anna
the mission in San Antonio where in 1836 Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico
Alamo
United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863), First president of the Republic of Texas
Sam Houston
elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery
John Tyler
In 1844, he was a “dark horse” candidate for president, and he won the election. Polk favored American expansion, especially advocating the annexation of Texas, California, and Oregon. He was a friend and follower of Andrew Jackson. He opposed Clay’s American System, instead advocating lower tariff, separation the treasury and the federal government from the banking system. He was a nationalist who believed in Manifest Destiny.
James K. Polk
slogan of those wanting to take all of Oregon; numbers (54 40’) was line of latitude where people wanted Oregon border; did not want compromise of 49th parallel, as was done by President Polk.
“54’ 40’ or Fight
Polk wanted tdo also aquire California/New Mexico region. Polk resorted to an agressive method by sending troops to disputed area. US declared war on Mex. when hostilities arose. Americans captured Mexico City. Santa Anna fled, war ended
Mexican American War
February 2 1848. The agreement between President Polk and the new Mexican government for Mexico to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowledge the Rio Grand as the boundary of Texas. In return, the US promised to assume any financial claims its new citizens had against Mexico and to pay the Mexicans $15 million.
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
a document drawn up in 1854 that instructed the buying of Cuba from Spain, then suggested the taking of Cuba by force It caused outrage among Northerners who felt it was a Southern attempt to extend slavery as states in Cuba would be southern states.
Ostend Manifesto
the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband, social customs that restricted women to caring for the house
cult of domesticity
Abolitionists and suffragettes. The sisters came from South Carolina in an aristocratic family, with an Episcopalian judge who owned slaves father. Both sisters became abolitionists, and after converting to the Quaker faith, they joined Society of Friends. In 1835, Angela wrote an anti-slavery letter to Abolitionist leader William Lloyd Garrison, who published it in, The Liberator. They spoke at abolitionist meetings. In 1837, Angelina was invited to be the first woman to speak at the Massachusetts State Legislature. Sarah and Angelina Grimke wrote Letter on the Condition of Women and the Equality of the Sexes (1837) - objecting to male opposition to their anti-slavery activities.
Grimke Sisters
movement to ban the drinking of alcohol
Temperance
Belief that people could transcend or rise above the material things in life such as money and personal belongings
Transcendentalism (Writers being Raph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Therou)
United States industrialist who manufactured plows suitable for working the prairie soil (1804-1886)
John Deere
Irish-American inventor that developed the mechanical reaper.
Cyrus McCormick
Invented the Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney
A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.
Second Great Awakening
dedicated to improving conditions for the mentally ill. led movement to build new mental hospitals and improve existing ones
Dorthea Dix
Took place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote.
Seneca Falls Convention
A prominent advocate of women’s rights, Stanton organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
leader of woman suffrage movement, who helped to define the movement’s goals and beliefs and to lead its actions
Susan B. Anthony
Revision of the Declaration of Independence to include women and men (equal). It was the grand basis of attaining civil, social, political, and religious rights for women.
Declaration of Sentiments
United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)
Frederick Douglass
American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom.
Harriet Tubman
