Unit 4 Flashcards
What is the major task of an adolescence?
the Development of sense of self
How does the sense of self change during adolescence?
It becomes more abstract.
What happens to the sense of self in adolescence regarding differentiation?
It becomes more differentiated.
What is a characteristic of the adolescent sense of self related to contradictions?
It includes contradictions.
What type of comparison becomes more significant in adolescence?
social Comparison
What is a key emotional aspect that increases in adolescence regarding self-perception?
It includes more self-consciousness.
What protective aspect is included in the sense of self during adolescence?
It includes elements of self-protection.
Erikson’s Identity Development is moved through each phase by
by having a crisis
what is the major task of school age
industry v inferiority
what is the industry v inferiority crisis
kids are becoming aware of their strengths and weaknesses and how they compare to peers
what is the major task of adolescence
indentity v role confusion
indentity v role confusion crisis
Do I know who I am, or am I just a collection of other people’s expectations?
psychological moratorium
It’s a period where they can explore different identities, roles, and possibilities without the pressure of immediately committing to a specific path.
what is the major task of young adulthood
intimacy v isolation
intimacy v isolation crisis
they are testing out of the family close personal relationships, romantic and non romantic
identity crisis
a period where an adolescent are choosing meaningful experiences
commitment
a personal investment in a choice
indentity moratorium
in the midst of identity crisis, not deciding who you are going to be
indentity achievement
completed crisis, made a commitment
identity diffusion
pre-crisis, no commitment; undecided and uninterested
identity foreclosure
commitment without crisis; identity usually handed to them by someone else
personality
a person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Sigmund Freud personality
Psychoanalytic perspective
Psychoanalytic perspective
id, ego, and superego in terms of defense mechanisms
What does the id strive to satisfy?
basic sexual and aggressive drives
when is id present
at birth, and fully unconscious
How can the motives of the id be analyzed?
Through analysis of dreams and errors in speech (parapraxes)
What is superego
the angel on the shoulder, presents good morals
what is ego
mediates between the id, superego, and the reality of life
defense mechanisms
tools to help protect self from anxiety
repression
banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts
displacement
shifts from impulses toward a more acceptable/less threatening object
sublimation
rechannelling unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities
Oral Stage
0-18m: Pleasure centers on the mouth–
sucking, biting, chewing
Anal Stage
(18-36 months): Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control
Phallic Stage
(3-6 years): Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings
Latency Stage
6- puberty: Dormant of sexual feelings
Genital Stage
Maturation of sexual interests
opedius complex
during phallic stage boys experience sexual feelings toward their mom and rivalries with father
Castration anxiety
aroused from the opedius complex; fear that the father will take revenge by castrating him
identification
models after father in hopes of obtaining mother, resolution of opedius complex
girls during phallic stage
become upset when they realize they dont have penises
penis envy
feelings of inferiority and jealousy toward boys
womb envy
feelings of inferioty due to girls ability to perform maternal functions
What did Freud contribute
historical significane
idea of the unconscious
frank discussion of sexuality
importance of early childhood
Limitations of Freud
tautology
sexism
pessimism
determinism
trait perspective
describes personality in terms of a persons level on certain characteristic patterns of behavior
the big five
Opennes
Conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism
openess
creativity, preference for variety
conscientiousness
responsibility, organization
extraversion
socialbility, enjoying others
agreeableness
helpfulness and trusting of others
neuroticism
insecurity, tendency toward self-pity
the big five’s strengths
empirical approach, research support
the big five limitations
traits may not adequately predict behaviors
humanistic perspective
describes personality in terms of a persons tendency to act positively and feel satisfied with himself
actualizing tendency
inherent push towards positive growth
healthy personality
the ideal self is similar to the real self
unconditional postive regard
unfailing messages that you are loved and valued as a person
conditions of worth
messages that you are valued to the extent of that you meet expectations
growth is hindered by this
strenths of humanistic perspective
emphasized the importance of social factors in development
limitations of humanistic perspective
overly optimistic
