Unit 4

Question 1

What is the biceps brachii?

Answer 1

A thick, two-headed muscle in the anterior upper arm.

Question 2

What is a myocele?

Answer 2

Protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in the surrounding fascia.

Question 3

What is dystonia?

Answer 3

Abnormal muscle tone that impairs voluntary muscle movement.

Question 4

What is dyskinesia?

Answer 4

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement (a tic or spasm).

Question 5

What is fasciitis?

Answer 5

Inflammation of a fascia.

Question 6

What is fibromyalgia syndrome?

Answer 6

A debilitating chronic condition with fatigue, muscle, bone, and joint pain.

Question 7

What is a hernia?

Answer 7

Internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle.

Question 8

What is sarcopenia?

Answer 8

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and functioning.

Question 9

What is ergonomics?

Answer 9

The study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and work environment.

Question 10

What is spasmodic torticollis?

Answer 10

A stiff neck from spasmodic contraction of neck muscles.

Question 11

What is bradykinesia?

Answer 11

Extreme slowness in movement.

Question 12

What is hyperkinesia?

Answer 12

Abnormally increased muscle function/activity.

Question 13

What is myoparesis?

Answer 13

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

Question 14

What is myoclonus?

Answer 14

Sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

Question 15

What is myorrhaphy?

Answer 15

Surgical suturing of a muscle.

Question 16

What is paraplegia?

Answer 16

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

Question 17

What is quadriplegia?

Answer 17

Paralysis of all four extremities.

Question 18

What is hemiplegia?

Answer 18

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

Question 19

What is myorrhexis?

Answer 19

Rupture or tearing of a muscle.

Question 20

What is ataxia?

Answer 20

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

Question 21

What is tenodesis?

Answer 21

Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

Question 22

What is tenosynovitis?

Answer 22

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.

Question 23

What does atonic mean?

Answer 23

Lacking normal muscle tone/strength.

Question 24

What is hypotonia?

Answer 24

Condition with diminished tone of skeletal muscles.

Question 25

What is the triceps brachii?

Answer 25

A thick three-headed muscle in the posterior upper arm.

Question 26

What is abduction?

Answer 26

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Question 27

What is adduction?

Answer 27

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Question 28

What is adhesion?

Answer 28

A band of fibrous tissue that is abnormally holding structures together.

Question 29

What is atrophy?

Answer 29

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues/structures.

Question 30

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 30

Condition in which chronically overused tendons in the carpal tunnel become inflamed and swollen.

Question 31

What is chronic fatigue syndrome?

Answer 31

Disorder of unknown cause that affects multiple body systems.

Question 32

What is circumduction?

Answer 32

Circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Question 33

What is contracture?

Answer 33

Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin caused by scarring or lack of use.

Question 34

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 34

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Question 35

What is electromyography?

Answer 35

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

Question 36

What is epicondylitis?

Answer 36

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.

Question 37

What is an exercise physiologist?

Answer 37

A specialist who develops and implements exercise programs.

Question 38

What is a ganglion cyst?

Answer 38

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs on the outer surface of the wrist.

Question 39

What is a heel spur?

Answer 39

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near the calcaneus bone.

Question 40

What is hemiparesis?

Answer 40

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.

Question 41

What is impingement syndrome?

Answer 41

Condition when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

Question 42

What is insertion?

Answer 42

Muscle ends by attaching to bone or tendon.

Question 43

What is intermittent claudication?

Answer 43

Pain in leg muscles during exercise but reduced with rest.

Question 44

What is myasthenia gravis?

Answer 44

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction, producing serious weakness of voluntary muscles.

Question 45

What is myofascial release?

Answer 45

A soft tissue manipulation technique to reduce pain in muscle tissue.

Question 46

What is myolysis?

Answer 46

Degeneration of muscle tissue.

Question 47

What does neuromuscular mean?

Answer 47

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

Question 48

What is nocturnal myoclonus?

Answer 48

Jerking of the limbs while a person falls asleep.

Question 49

What does oblique mean?

Answer 49

Describes muscle fibers that are slanted or at an angle.

Question 50

What is paralysis?

Answer 50

Loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements through disease or injury to nerve supply.

Question 51

What is a physiatrist?

Answer 51

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Question 52

What is plantar fasciitis?

Answer 52

Inflammation of the thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of the foot.

Question 53

What is polymyositis?

Answer 53

A muscle disease with simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles.

Question 54

What is pronation?

Answer 54

Rotating the arm/leg so that the hand palm/foot sole is turned downward or backward.

Question 55

What is range of motion testing?

Answer 55

A diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength.

Question 56

What is a shin splint?

Answer 56

Injury to the body of the muscle or the attachment of a tendon.

Question 57

What is singultus?

Answer 57

Involuntary jerking of the diaphragm causing spasms (hiccups).

Question 58

What is a sphincter?

Answer 58

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

Question 59

What is a sprain?

Answer 59

Injury to a joint usually caused by wrenched or torn ligament.

Question 60

What is tenolysis?

Answer 60

Release of a tendon from adhesions.

Question 61

What is tenorrhaphy?

Answer 61

Surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.

Question 62

What does transverse mean?

Answer 62

Crosswise direction.