Unit 4: 1800-1848

Question 1

Show one example of the US developing its foreign policy during the Jefferson administration

Answer 1

• The barbary pirates were paid to not harm US trading boats before Jefferson. After jefferson, they stopped getting paid and started attacking american ships. After mounting tensions, Jefferson agreed to a lesser price

Question 2

What were the two views of the constitution during 1800-1848?

Answer 2

• Strict Construtionist: Beleived that the federal governemnt only had the powers specifically listed in the constitution. Supported by Democratic-Republicans
• Loose Construtionist: Opposite of strict. Supported by the Federalists

Question 3

How did Jefferson violate his own Democratic-Republican ideals?

Answer 3

• The Louisiana Purchase was not explicitly allowed in the constitution

Question 4

Describe the effect of Marbury v. Madison

Answer 4

• This supreme court case gave the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review, meaning that it was the final judge of whether laws were constitutional or not.

Question 5

Describe the consequences of the War of 1812.

Answer 5

• The US won which created a period of political unity called the era of good feelings because the Federalists dissolved since they opposed the war
• Showed the weakness of having a National Bank due to problems with sourcing funding.

Question 6

Describe the American System

Answer 6

Proposed by Henry Clay to:
* Create internal improvments such as roads and canals - Erie canal
* Implement protective tariffs. - tarriff of 1828 / tarrif of abominations
* Create a 2nd Federal bank -> impelmented

It was created to make the US more independent from Europe, especially Britain.

Question 7

Describe the comprimise of 1820 / the missouri comprimise

Answer 7

• It admitted missouri as a slave state and main as a free state
• Stated that all new states admitted south of missouri would be slave and all above would be free

Question 8

Show an event/idea that demonstrates the US foreign policy from 1800-1848

Answer 8

• The Monroe Doctrine(1823) stated that the Western Hemisphere would be under the US’s sphere of influence and that the US would not allow europena powers to interfere in the Americas.
• It also said that the US would not interfere in European affairs

Question 9

What was the Market Revolution?

Answer 9

The market revolution in the US heralded a shift to a capitalist economy marked by industrialization, urbanization, and the expansion of interconnected markets, fundamentally altering the nation’s social and economic fabric.

Question 10

What technologies facilitated the market revolution?

Answer 10

• The cotton gin allowed for massive increases in Cotton production
• The spinning machine sped up the rolling of cotton into yarn
• Interchangable parts allowed for mass production of goods
• American system of Manufacturing: Water powered machines helped create products along with the division of tasks with the help of unskilled laborers
• Steamboats and railroads allowed for more interconnectedness

Question 11

What were improvements in transportation made during this period?

Answer 11

• railroads
• Steamboats
• Canals
• roads

Question 12

What were the effects of improved transportation during 1800-1848?

Answer 12

• The economy was mroe interconnected than ever before, and it allowed Western and Southern agriculture to boom

Question 13

What were tenements?

Answer 13

Closely packed districts of poor immigrants

Question 14

What were the effects of the Market Revolution?

Answer 14

• Greater interconnectedness of the US economy
• The rapid rise in factories and working class throughout the US
• The creation of a middle class of buisness people with disposable income
• Increase in Western agriculture

Question 15

What was the role of women during this time period and what idea explains it?

Answer 15

The Cult of Domesticity stated that a women’s role should be to raise children and make home comfortable for her husband.

However this did not apply for the lower class.

Question 16

How did voting rights change in the period 1840-1848?

Answer 16

• In the beggining fo this period, only property owning white males were able to vote. Restrictions on owning property were slowly loosened through the period

Question 17

What was the Panic of 1819?

Answer 17

• It was an economic crisis that affected working men the most
• It was caused by iirresponsible banking and decreased demand for exports liek cotton
• It led to working men demanding the franchise

Question 18

What happened during the election of 2024?

Answer 18

• The Democratic rebulicans split into Democrats and national republicans
• Andrew Jackson was a Jeffersonian democract
• Adams and Henry Clay were federalists
• In something called the Curropt Bargain, the House chose John Adams (Henry Clay was Speaker and became the Secretary of State immediately after)

Question 19

What was the Tariff of 1828 and what were its effects? How did Jackson respond to this?

Answer 19

• It increased taxes on imported good to portect american buisiness. It was disliked by the South
• South Carolina developed the idea of nullification and refused to pay the tax
• Jackson worked in Congress but also signed the Force Bill, which stated the executive branch could use the millitary to enforce laws

Question 20

What did the Indian Removal Act?

Answer 20

• It was the forced and brutal removal of the 5 civilized tribes to allow for westward expansion
• Many, many Natives died along the way to the Oklahoma territory due to improper treatment
• Created the Trail of Tears
• The Supreme Court said it was illegal, but Jackson ignored them

Question 21

What was transcandentalism?

Answer 21

• It was an american philosiphy that beleived in harmony with nature and individualism
• Ralph Waldo Emmerson was the creator and Henry David Thereau expanded upon it
• It was a reform community

Question 22

Show examples of reform movements during this period

Answer 22

• Transcandentalism: The passion of the individual and connection with nature
• Utopian Communities: the community of Oneida had shared ownership of propety and communal marriage
• The Second Great Awakening saw camp meetings that people attended. Evangelical (emphasis of personal relationship with god) preachers peached to a large group of people (women, slaves, men)
• Temperance Movement aimed to stop alchohol abuse by working men
• Abolition movement exploded, such as through the American anti-slavery society
• The women’s rights movement grew with the abolition movement and started with the seneca falls convention in 1848.Leaders included Elizabeth Cady Stanton and jane Hunt

Question 23

What was the relationship with the US and mormons?

Answer 23

• The US persecuted Joseph Smith for accepting polygamy
• Brigham Young established a theocracy in Utah

Question 24

What was one slave rebellion during this period and its effects?

Answer 24

• Nat Turner’s rebellion in Louisiana saw a salve uprising and violence against whites. This caused fear and stricter Black Codes

Question 25

Whar was the important of the Hudson River School?

Answer 25

The Hudson River school was the first native school of painting in the United States. it was strongly nationalistic both in its proud celebration of the natural beauty of the American landscape and in the desire of its artists to become independent of European schools of painting.