Unit 1: 1491-1607 Flashcards
When did Columbus discover the New World?
1492
Evaluate the extent to which Native American tribes exhibited diversity with 3+ specific examples with locations.
Exhibited a LOT of diversity
* The Pueblo people were farmers in the Southwest region. They were a settled population that harvested crops like beans, squash, and Maize. There was evidence of advanced irrigation systems and the famous cliff dwellings carved into the walls of canyons
* The peoples of the Great Plaine were nomadic and organized themsleves in small egalitarian kinship bands. They lived in teepees and a lot of their culture was based around the bison. A good example of these people are the Ute people.
* On the west coast, there were more permenant people who developed permenant communities due to the variety of fish and plant life. They participated in regional trade networks up and down the coast. An example is the chumash people.
* In the plateu region there was the Perce people. They lived in teepees and ate salmon.
Describe the Causes for European Exploration in the Americas (1.3)
- Desire for luxury goods
- There was a wealthy upper class who had the money to afford luxury goods from Asia
- Land-based routes were controlled by Muslim nations, meaning that European nations couldn’t control trade on their own terms. (Ottoman-European rivalry)
- In Portugal, Prince Henry the Navigator was the first to attempt this by finding a sea route to asia around Africa
* -They became very wealthy through making a trading post empire
* -Facillitated by technological advancements like caravels
* Colombus sailed West because the eastern routes were already controlled by Portugal
- Population Increase
- More people were seeking to leave Europe for more area. There was also conflict between religious groups
- Political Unification
- Gave the capital and resources for exploration
Decribe the Columbian Exchange. Provide 2+ examples of each thing being transferred (1.4)
- Defined as the transfer of food, animals, minerals, people, and disease between Africa, Europe, and the Americas
- Diseases: Smallpox, measles, malaria
- Food from Americas to Europe: Maize, Tomatoes, Potatoes, Cacao, Tobacco
- Food from Europe to Americas: Rice, Wheat, Rye, Soy, Oats, Lemons, Oranges
- Animals: Europeans transfered Horses, Pigs, Cattle, and Chickens to the Americas
- Minerals: Gold and Silver were mined from the Inca and Aztec empires
- This influx of gold and silver lead to the end of feudalism and rise of capitilism
- People: Africans were enslaved and transported to the New World
Explain the first successful colonization of the Americas by England and what enabled it
- The first settlement was in Jamestown aroiund 1580
- It was very unseccessful at first because the colonists spent a large amount of time looking for gold which did not exist
- There was a lot of starvation, but the colony started to see sucess under John Smith (those who do not work do not eat)
- They eventually found success in the native crop of tobacco, which was discovered by John Rolfe
- All of this was enabled by the invention of Joint-Stock companies
what peices of literature should you know for apush?
- Common Sense (1776)
- The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith (1776)
- The Federalist Papers
- The Liberator: A newspaper written by William LLyod Garrison (leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society) that advocated for the abolition of slavery.
- Walden: Written by Henrey David Thereau, central to Transcandentalist movement and talks about connecting with nature
- Uncle Tom’s Cabin
- The Gospel of Wealth: Book by carnegie about the gospel of wealth
- The Influence of Sea Power Upon History: Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan gave his ideas about the importance of naval power and this book influenced the US to build up its Navy
- The Jungle: Upton Sinclair exposed the abuses suffered by Irish workers in meat factories. Appealed more to peoples stomachs than their conscience.
- Silent Spring: Describes the harmful effects of pesticides and leads to the banning of DDT
