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Biology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Internal Respiration

A

-Process of tissue respiration
-Between blood and the body cells
-Gas exchange site in the capillaries and cells

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2
Q

External Respiration

A

-Breathing and exchange of gases
-Between atmosphere and the blood
-Gas exchange site in the alveoli and capillaries

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3
Q

Difference between internal respiration and external respiration

A

Whats going on outside the body, what’s going on inside

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4
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process of producing ATP(Cellular energy) which occurs in the mitocondria

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5
Q

Balanced chemical formula

A

C6H12O6 + O2 –> 6H2O + CO2 + ATP

C6H12O6 = Glucose (obtained from food)
O2 = air
6H2O = Water
CO2 = Waste product
ATP = power cellular processes

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6
Q

Nose

A

-Passageway for air
-small specks of dirt are trapped by tiny hairs in your nose

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7
Q

Nasal Cavity (Nasal Passages)

A

filters, warms up and moistens the air

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8
Q

Mouth

A

-Passageway for food and air
-does not filter air

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9
Q

Pharynx (Throat)

A

Serves both the respiratory system and digestive system

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10
Q

Larynx (Voice box)

A

-Production of sound
-Contains vocal cords

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11
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of cartilage that lies at the top of the larynx

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12
Q

Vocal cords

A

2 flaps of skin controlled by muscles that vibrate

Amount of air = loudness
Tightness of cord = pitch
Muscle movement = specific sounds

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13
Q

Trachea (wind pipe)

A

-Main airway
-uses cilia and mucus to fight micro-organisms

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14
Q

Bronchi

A

Made up of 2 main bronchi that lead to a series of branches called bronchioles

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15
Q

Bronchioles

A

Smaller branches that stem from the bronchi

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16
Q

Lungs

A

-Organ of gas exchange
-left lung has 2 lobes to make room for heart
-right lung has 3 lobes

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17
Q

Alveoli

A

-Located at the end of bronchioles
-air sacs in the lungs for gas exchange

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18
Q

Capillaries

A

-Around the alveoli
-brings carbon dioxide from the pulmonary artery and delivers oxygen back to the pulmonary vein

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19
Q

Diaphragm

A

Skeletal muscle of respiration

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20
Q

Pleural membrane

A

Cover the lungs and line the chest cavity

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21
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Space between the lungs and the chest wall

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22
Q

Glottis

A

Made up of vocal cords

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23
Q

What are the structures at the end of the bronchiole tubes called?

A

Alveoli (Air sacs)

24
Q

3 processes that occur in the nasal cavity

A

-Filters
-warms up
-moistens

25
Q

Inhalations

A

-ribs move up and out
-diaphragm moves down
-intercostal muscles contract
-air flows into the lungs

26
Q

Exhalation

A

-ribs move down and in
-diaphragm moves up
-intercostal muscles relax
-gases exit the lungs

27
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air that you normally inhale and exhale

28
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after exhaling normally

29
Q

Exploratory Reserve Volume

A

Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after inhaling normally

30
Q

Vital capacity

A

Maximum amount of air that you can inhale and exhale

31
Q

Residual Volume

A

Air that remains in your lungs after you exhale the maximum amount of air in your lungs

32
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

-Total volume of air your lungs can hold
- Equal too vital capacity + residual volume

33
Q

Factors affecting lung capacity

A

-age
-activity level
-height
-gender

34
Q

Two components of vital capacity

A

-Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
-Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

35
Q

Difference between breathing through your mouth and nose?

A

nose filters air, while mouth doesn’t

36
Q

What happens to diaphragm when you breath in and out?

A

Breathing in: moves down
Breathing out: moves up

37
Q

Where is sound produced?

A

Larynx

38
Q

What causes inspiration and expiration, and what are their differences?

A

-Inspiration causes an increase in volume and low pressure inside the chest
-Lungs inflate

-Expiration causes a decrease in volume and high pressure inside the Chest
-Lungs deflate

39
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

-located at the surface of the Medulla oblongata
-sensory receptors that transducers a chemical signal into a potential action (smells)

40
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

-Structure found in the brain that helps to maintain homeostasis
-sends a signal to rib muscles and diaphragm to contract

41
Q

Asthma

A

-Disease

Symptoms
-wheezing
-Shortness of breath
-cough

Certain causes
-obisity
-genetics
-allergies

Risks
-air pollution
-smoking
-Low birth weight

42
Q

Emphysema

A

-Disease

Symptoms
-Fatigue
-blue tint skin
-chest infection

Certain causes
-age
-smoking
-Genetics

Risk
-holes in lungs
-heart problems
-collapsed lungs

43
Q

Pneumonia

A

-Infection

Symptoms
-fatigue
-fever
-nausea

Certain causes
-bacteria
-smoking
-viruses

Risk
-bacteria in blood
-hard time breathing
-lung abscess

44
Q

Shortness of breath

A

Symptom of other things like asthma

Symptoms
-chest tightness
-wheezing
-cough

Certain causes
-illness
-exercise
-heart conditions

Risk
-obesity
-asthma
-allergies

45
Q

Breathing

A

Inhaling and exhaling air

46
Q

Respiration

A

Taking in O2 and giving off CO2 through cell membrane

47
Q

3 distinct processes

A

-Breathing
-Respiration
-Cellular respiration

48
Q

Intercostal muscle

A

Moves ribs during respiration

49
Q

Rib

A

Bone structure that protects the lungs

50
Q

Negative feedback (Part 1)

A

Medulla Oblongata sends signal we need to breath

51
Q

Negative feedback (Part 2)

A

-Intercostal muscles contract
-diaphragm expands/ moves down

52
Q

Negative feedback (Part 3)

A

Chemoreceptors will be stimulated

53
Q

Negative feedback (Part 4)

A

-Sends signal to medulla Oblongata to stop sending impulses
-intercostal muscles relax moving air out of lungs

54
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose
Nasal cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Epiglottis

55
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
Alveoli
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
Ribs

Biology (4 decks)

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