Digestive System Flashcards
Order of Digestive Tract
-Mouth
-Pharynx
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Rectum
-Anus
Accessory Organs
-Teeth
-Tongue
-Salivary Glands
-Pancreas
-Liver
-Gull Bladder
-appendix
Mechanical Digestion
Physical movement breaks down food into small pieces, without changing the food chemically
Chemical Digestion
Enzymes and chemicals that break down food into nutrient molecules to be absorbed into the blood stream
Mouth (Chem&Mech)
-Chewing food (Mechanical)
-Saliva breaks down food (Chemical)
Stomach (Chem&Mech)
-Layers of muscles churn food (Mechanical)
-Gastric juice turns the bolus into chyme (Chemical)
Small intestine (Chem&Mech)
-Segmentation (Mechanical)
-Pancreas produces pancreatic juice which is secreted into the duodenum (Chemical)
Mouth
Digestion begins
Pharynx (Throat and Epiglottis)
-Where both digestive and respiratory system connect
-Flap prevents food from entering the lungs by covering the trachea when swallowing
Esophagus (Food pipe)
Contraction and relaxation of muscles in a one way motion (Peristalasis)
Stomach
Churning of muscles mixes the food with gastric juice turning the bolus into chyme
Small intestine
Breaks down food and then nutrients are absorbed through the wall, into the bloodstream
Large intestine
-Absorbs water and vitamins
-removed undigested food
Rectum
Temporarily stores feces
Anus
Ending, feces leaves the body
Tongue
Moves around food in the mouth, mixing it with saliva to form bolus
Teeth
-Food is chewed
-Incisor (8) cut
-Canines (4) Tear
-Molars (12) grind and crush food
Salivary glands
Produces saliva which contains amylase (Enzyme) which break down starches
Liver
produce bile
Gull bladder
-A sac that stores and concentrates bile
-secretes into the small intestine
Pancreas
Produces pancreatic juice which is secreted into the duodenum of the small intestine
Enzymes that breaks down proteins
-Pepsin
-Trypsin
Enzymes that break down fats
-Lipase
Enzymes that break down carbs
-maltase
-amylase
Movement
Food travels down the digestive tract
Digestion
Consists of mechanical and chemical breakdown of complex food molecules
Absorption
The transfer of digested nutrients to the bloodstream
Egestion
The removal of waste food materials from the body
3 types of salivary glands
-Partotid
-Submandibular
-Sublingual
(PSS)
Difference between Peristalsis & Segmentation? Where do they occur
Peristalasis = Moves along food (Esophagus)
Segmentaion = Breaks down food (Small intestine)
How many layers is the stomach made up of? What are their names
3 Layers
1. Longitudinal
2. Circular
3. Oblique
(LCO)
What is the food called in the stomach after it has been mixed with gastric juice?
Chyme
What are 2 sphincters in the stomach called and located?
Cardiac
-between esophagus and stomach
Pyloric
-between stomach and small intestine
(CP)
Polar substance
-Contains oppositely changed regions (slightly positive and negative)
-hydrophilic
-will Dissolve in another polar substance
Ex. Water, Ethonal
Non-polar substance
-does not have a distinct positive and negative regions
-hydrophobic
-will dissolve in another non-polar substance
Ex. Oil, gasoline
Large intestine (Chem&Mech)
Has neither because it absorbs water
Protease found in the stomach
Pepsin
Protease that is found in the small intestine
Trypsin
Where is bile produced AND stored
-produced in the liver
-stored in the gull bladder
Villi
Finger-like projections located on the surface of the small intestinal wall
Microvilli (Plural)
Tiny, brush-border projections found on the surface of cells make up the villi
Small intestine is made up of 3 sections
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- ileum
(Dji)
Intestine 2 main functions
-Digestions
-Absorption
Why do we need to eat
-Because food provides our body’s with things we can’t produce
-Helps with growth and development
Where is digestion completed?
Small intestine
What occurs in the small intestine
Absorption
What happens when food backs up into the esophagus?
Causes a reflux of stomach acid and heart burn
Where do nutrients get absorbed during the digestive process?
-Through the wall of the small intestine into the blood stream
-occurs in the small intestine
Appendix
a finger-shaped pouch that sticks out from the colon (large intestine)
