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Biology 2024/25 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Internal Respiration

A

-Process of tissue respiration
-Between blood and the body cells
-Gas exchange site in the capillaries and cells

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2
Q

External Respiration

A

-Breathing and exchange of gases
-Between atmosphere and the blood
-Gas exchange site in the alveoli and capillaries

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3
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process of producing ATP(Cellular energy) which occurs in the mitocondria

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4
Q

Balanced chemical formula

A

C6H12O6 + O2 –> 6H2O + CO2 + ATP

C6H12O6 = Glucose (obtained from food)
O2 = air
6H2O = Water
CO2 = Waste product
ATP = power cellular processes

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5
Q

Nose

A

-Passageway for air
-small specks of dirt are trapped by tiny hairs in your nose (filters air)

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6
Q

Nasal Cavity (Nasal Passages)

A

filters, warms up and moistens the air

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7
Q

Mouth

A

-Passageway for food and air
-does not filter air

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8
Q

Pharynx (Throat)

A

Serves both the respiratory system and digestive system

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9
Q

Larynx (Voice box)

A

-Production of sound
-Contains vocal cords

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10
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of cartilage that lies at the top of the larynx

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11
Q

Vocal cords

A

2 flaps of skin controlled by muscles that vibrate

Amount of air = loudness
Tightness of cord = pitch

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12
Q

Trachea (wind pipe)

A

Main airway

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13
Q

Bronchi

A

Made up of 2 main bronchi that lead to a series of branches called bronchioles

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14
Q

Bronchioles

A

Smaller branches that stem from the bronchi

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15
Q

Lungs

A

-Organ of gas exchange
-left lung has 2 lobes to make room for heart
-right lung has 3 lobes

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16
Q

Alveoli

A

-Located at the end of bronchioles
-air sacs in the lungs for gas exchange

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17
Q

Capillaries (respiratory)

A

-Around the alveoli
-brings carbon dioxide from the pulmonary artery and delivers oxygen back to the pulmonary vein

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18
Q

Diaphragm

A

Skeletal muscle of respiration

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19
Q

Pleural membrane

A

Cover the lungs and line the chest cavity

20
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Space between the lungs and the chest wall

21
Q

Glottis

A

Made up of vocal cords

22
Q

Inhalations

A

-ribs move up and out
-diaphragm moves down
-intercostal muscles contract
-air flows into the lungs

23
Q

Exhalation

A

-ribs move down and in
-diaphragm moves up
-intercostal muscles relax
-gases exit the lungs

24
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air that you normally inhale and exhale

25
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after exhaling normally

26
Q

Exploratory Reserve Volume

A

Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after inhaling normally

27
Q

Vital capacity

A

Maximum amount of air that you can inhale and exhale

28
Q

Residual Volume

A

Air that remains in your lungs after you exhale the maximum amount of air in your lungs

29
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

-Total volume of air your lungs can hold
- Equal too vital capacity + residual volume

30
Q

Factors affecting lung capacity

A

-age
-activity level
-height
-gender

31
Q

Difference between breathing through your mouth and nose?

A

nose filters air, while mouth doesn’t

32
Q

What happens to diaphragm when you breath in and out?

A

Breathing in: moves down
Breathing out: moves up

33
Q

Where is sound produced?

A

Larynx

34
Q

What causes inspiration and expiration, and what are their differences?

A

-Inspiration causes an increase in volume and low pressure inside the chest
-Lungs inflate

-Expiration causes a decrease in volume and high pressure inside the Chest
-Lungs deflate

35
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

-located at the surface of the Medulla oblongata
-sensory receptors that transducers a chemical signal into a potential action (smells)

36
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

-Structure found in the brain that helps to maintain homeostasis
-sends a signal to rib muscles and diaphragm to contract

37
Q

3 distinct processes (respiratory)

A

-Breathing
-Respiration
-Cellular respiration

38
Q

Negative feedback (Part 1)

A

Medulla Oblongata sends signal we need to breath

39
Q

Negative feedback (Part 2)

A

-Intercostal muscles contract
-diaphragm expands/ moves down

40
Q

Negative feedback (Part 3)

A

Chemoreceptors will be stimulated

41
Q

Negative feedback (Part 4)

A

-Sends signal to medulla Oblongata to stop sending impulses
-intercostal muscles relax moving air out of lungs

42
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose
Nasal cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Epiglottis

43
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
Alveoli
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
Ribs

44
Q

What other body system is involved with gas exchange

A

Internal respiration

45
Q

Why do we need to breath?

A

Helps organisms grow, reproduce and make energy (also not die)

Biology 2024/25 (6 decks)

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