Bio Chemistry

Question 1

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 1

2 smaller molecules join to form one larger molecule

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

splits apart a polymer into a shorter molecule by adding a water molecule

Question 3

Amino acid

Answer 3

A molecule that combines to make protein

Question 4

Unsaturated

Answer 4

-liquid at room temp
-plant-based (oils)

Question 5

Saturated

Answer 5

-solid at room temp
-Animal-based (Fats & Lards)

Question 6

Triglyceride

Answer 6

One glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids

Question 7

Hormones

Answer 7

A molecule that acts like a messenger to the body

Question 8

Carbohydrate

Answer 8

-Helps with brain function and body activity
-has glycoproteins on the plasma membrane (cell communication)
-Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Question 9

Three polysaccharides that are important for nutrition

Answer 9

-Starch
-Glycogen
-Cellulose (Fiber)

Question 10

Starch

Answer 10

-store energy in plants
-thousands of glucose units linked together in a long, linear chain

Question 11

Glycogen

Answer 11

-store energy in the liver
-broken down to glucose for body use

Question 12

Cellulose (Fiber)

Answer 12

-glucose in plants that form cellulose to build a cell wall
-animals & plants cannot digest cellulose
-most abundant organic compound

Question 13

Glucose

Answer 13

primary source of energy

Question 14

C6H12O6

Answer 14

6 Carbon, 12 Hydrogen, and 6 Oxygen molecules bonded together to make one glucose molecule

Question 15

Where does carbohydrate digestion take place

Answer 15

Small intestine

Question 16

Examples of where lipids are found

Answer 16

-fats
-oils
-waxes

Question 17

lipids

Answer 17

-prevents heat loss
-cushions organs
-important for making hormones

Question 18

Monounsaturated fats

Answer 18

Contain one c-c double bond

Question 19

Polyunsaturated fats

Answer 19

Contain more than one c-c double bond

Question 20

Where does lipid digestion take place

Answer 20

Small intestine

Question 21

Colesterol

Answer 21

-A substance in your blood and liver
-Helps make hormones

Question 22

Protein

Answer 22

-A source of energy
-helps build muscle and bone
-fights infections
-makes hormones

Question 23

Structure of protein

Answer 23

-Primary
-Secondary
-Tertiary
-Quadernary

Question 24

Primary (1)

Answer 24

-Amino acids in a chain

Question 25

Secondary (2)

Answer 25

A chain of amino acids fold into two kinds of structures 1.Alpha Helix 2.Beta-pleated sheets

Question 26

Tertiary (3)

Answer 26

Alpha Helix & Beta-pleated sheets are folded and held together by bonds to give the protein a 3D shape

Question 27

Quaternary (4)

Answer 27

-More than one polypeptide chain held together by bonds -not all make it to this stage

Question 28

Building blocks for protein

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

How do we retrieve an essential amino acid

Answer 29

By eating food like meat, fish, and eggs

Question 30

Where does protein digestion take place

Answer 30

Stomach

Question 31

Lock & key theory

Answer 31

Enzyme and substrate must be a perfect match

Question 32

Included-fit theory

Answer 32

Enzyme needs to change shape in order to bind to substrate

Question 33

Factors that effect enzyme function

Answer 33

-Substrate -Enzyme -Tempurature -pH

Question 34

What is the relation ship between substrate and enzyme

Answer 34

They both bind together in the active site. The enzyme then holds the substrate in place so a reaction can occur

Question 35

Inorganic

Answer 35

-Do not have both C&H -Usually small & ionic Ex: NaCl, H2O

Question 36

Organic

Answer 36

-Contain both C&H -usually larger Ex: C6H12O6

Question 37

Monosaccharides

Answer 37

Simple sugars One carbohydrate molecule -glucose -galactose -fructose

Question 38

Disaccharides

Answer 38

Complex sugars 2 carbohydrate molecules linked together -Maltose -Lactose -Sucrose

Question 39

Polysaccharide

Answer 39

More than 3 carbohydrate molecules linked together -Starch -Glycogen -Cellulose(fiber)

Question 40

Dipeptide

Answer 40

two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond

Question 41

What happens in the process of dehydration synthesis (name all 3 such as carbs, etc)

Answer 41

Carbs: Glycocitic linkage Lipids:Ester linkage Proteins: Peptide bond

Question 42

Activation energy

Answer 42

The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 43

3 types of nutrients

Answer 43

-protein -lipids (fats) -carbohydrates

Question 44

What is the purpose of cellular respiration

Answer 44

-make energy, or ATP, to keep the cell alive

Question 45

Pepsin digests

Answer 45

Proteins

Question 46

Amylase digests

Answer 46

Carbohydrates

Question 47

Lipase digests

Answer 47

Fats (lipids)