Bio Chemistry Flashcards
Dehydration synthesis
2 smaller molecules join to form one larger molecule
Hydrolysis
splits apart a polymer into a shorter molecule by adding a water molecule
Amino acid
A molecule that combines to make protein
Unsaturated
-liquid at room temp
-plant-based (oils)
Saturated
-solid at room temp
-Animal-based (Fats & Lards)
Triglyceride
One glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids
Hormones
A molecule that acts like a messenger to the body
Carbohydrate
-Helps with brain function and body activity
-has glycoproteins on the plasma membrane (cell communication)
-Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Three polysaccharides that are important for nutrition
-Starch
-Glycogen
-Cellulose (Fiber)
Starch
-store energy in plants
-thousands of glucose units linked together in a long, linear chain
Glycogen
-store energy in the liver
-broken down to glucose for body use
Cellulose (Fiber)
-glucose in plants that form cellulose to build a cell wall
-animals & plants cannot digest cellulose
-most abundant organic compound
Glucose
primary source of energy
C6H12O6
6 Carbon, 12 Hydrogen, and 6 Oxygen molecules bonded together to make one glucose molecule
Where does carbohydrate digestion take place
Small intestine
Examples of where lipids are found
-fats
-oils
-waxes
lipids
-prevents heat loss
-cushions organs
-important for making hormones
Monounsaturated fats
Contain one c-c double bond
Polyunsaturated fats
Contain more than one c-c double bond
Where does lipid digestion take place
Small intestine
Colesterol
-A substance in your blood and liver
-Helps make hormones
Protein
-A source of energy
-helps build muscle and bone
-fights infections
-makes hormones
Structure of protein
-Primary
-Secondary
-Tertiary
-Quadernary
Primary (1)
-Amino acids in a chain
Secondary (2)
A chain of amino acids fold into two kinds of structures
1.Alpha Helix
2.Beta-pleated sheets
Tertiary (3)
Alpha Helix & Beta-pleated sheets are folded and held together by bonds to give the protein a 3D shape
Quaternary (4)
-More than one polypeptide chain held together by bonds
-not all make it to this stage
Building blocks for protein
Amino acids
How do we retrieve an essential amino acid
By eating food like meat, fish, and eggs
Where does protein digestion take place
Stomach
Lock & key theory
Enzyme and substrate must be a perfect match
Included-fit theory
Enzyme needs to change shape in order to bind to substrate
Factors that effect enzyme function
-Substrate
-Enzyme
-Tempurature
-pH
What is the relation ship between substrate and enzyme
They both bind together in the active site. The enzyme then holds the substrate in place so a reaction can occur
Inorganic
-Do not have both C&H
-Usually small & ionic
Ex: NaCl, H2O
Organic
-Contain both C&H
-usually larger
Ex: C6H12O6
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars
One carbohydrate molecule
-glucose
-galactose
-fructose
Disaccharides
Complex sugars
2 carbohydrate molecules linked together
-Maltose
-Lactose
-Sucrose
Polysaccharide
More than 3 carbohydrate molecules linked together
-Starch
-Glycogen
-Cellulose(fiber)
Dipeptide
two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond
What happens in the process of dehydration synthesis (name all 3 such as carbs, etc)
Carbs: Glycocitic linkage
Lipids:Ester linkage
Proteins: Peptide bond
Activation energy
The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
3 types of nutrients
-protein
-lipids (fats)
-carbohydrates
What is the purpose of cellular respiration
-make energy, or ATP, to keep the cell alive
Pepsin digests
Proteins
Amylase digests
Carbohydrates
Lipase digests
Fats (lipids)
