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Biology 2024/25 > Bio Chemistry > Flashcards

Bio Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

2 smaller molecules join to form one larger molecule

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2
Q

Hydrolysis

A

splits apart a polymer into a shorter molecule by adding a water molecule

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3
Q

Amino acid

A

A molecule that combines to make protein

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4
Q

Unsaturated

A

-liquid at room temp
-plant-based (oils)

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5
Q

Saturated

A

-solid at room temp
-Animal-based (Fats & Lards)

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6
Q

Triglyceride

A

One glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids

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7
Q

Hormones

A

A molecule that acts like a messenger to the body

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8
Q

Carbohydrate

A

-Helps with brain function and body activity
-has glycoproteins on the plasma membrane (cell communication)
-Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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9
Q

Three polysaccharides that are important for nutrition

A

-Starch
-Glycogen
-Cellulose (Fiber)

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10
Q

Starch

A

-store energy in plants
-thousands of glucose units linked together in a long, linear chain

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11
Q

Glycogen

A

-store energy in the liver
-broken down to glucose for body use

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12
Q

Cellulose (Fiber)

A

-glucose in plants that form cellulose to build a cell wall
-animals & plants cannot digest cellulose
-most abundant organic compound

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13
Q

Glucose

A

primary source of energy

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14
Q

C6H12O6

A

6 Carbon, 12 Hydrogen, and 6 Oxygen molecules bonded together to make one glucose molecule

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15
Q

Where does carbohydrate digestion take place

A

Small intestine

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16
Q

Examples of where lipids are found

A

-fats
-oils
-waxes

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17
Q

lipids

A

-prevents heat loss
-cushions organs
-important for making hormones

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18
Q

Monounsaturated fats

A

Contain one c-c double bond

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19
Q

Polyunsaturated fats

A

Contain more than one c-c double bond

20
Q

Where does lipid digestion take place

A

Small intestine

21
Q

Colesterol

A

-A substance in your blood and liver
-Helps make hormones

22
Q

Protein

A

-A source of energy
-helps build muscle and bone
-fights infections
-makes hormones

23
Q

Structure of protein

A

-Primary
-Secondary
-Tertiary
-Quadernary

24
Q

Primary (1)

A

-Amino acids in a chain

25
Q

Secondary (2)

A

A chain of amino acids fold into two kinds of structures
1.Alpha Helix
2.Beta-pleated sheets

26
Q

Tertiary (3)

A

Alpha Helix & Beta-pleated sheets are folded and held together by bonds to give the protein a 3D shape

27
Q

Quaternary (4)

A

-More than one polypeptide chain held together by bonds
-not all make it to this stage

28
Q

Building blocks for protein

A

Amino acids

29
Q

How do we retrieve an essential amino acid

A

By eating food like meat, fish, and eggs

30
Q

Where does protein digestion take place

A

Stomach

31
Q

Lock & key theory

A

Enzyme and substrate must be a perfect match

32
Q

Included-fit theory

A

Enzyme needs to change shape in order to bind to substrate

33
Q

Factors that effect enzyme function

A

-Substrate
-Enzyme
-Tempurature
-pH

34
Q

What is the relation ship between substrate and enzyme

A

They both bind together in the active site. The enzyme then holds the substrate in place so a reaction can occur

35
Q

Inorganic

A

-Do not have both C&H
-Usually small & ionic
Ex: NaCl, H2O

36
Q

Organic

A

-Contain both C&H
-usually larger
Ex: C6H12O6

37
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugars
One carbohydrate molecule
-glucose
-galactose
-fructose

38
Q

Disaccharides

A

Complex sugars
2 carbohydrate molecules linked together
-Maltose
-Lactose
-Sucrose

39
Q

Polysaccharide

A

More than 3 carbohydrate molecules linked together
-Starch
-Glycogen
-Cellulose(fiber)

40
Q

Dipeptide

A

two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond

41
Q

What happens in the process of dehydration synthesis (name all 3 such as carbs, etc)

A

Carbs: Glycocitic linkage
Lipids:Ester linkage
Proteins: Peptide bond

42
Q

Activation energy

A

The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

43
Q

3 types of nutrients

A

-protein
-lipids (fats)
-carbohydrates

44
Q

What is the purpose of cellular respiration

A

-make energy, or ATP, to keep the cell alive

45
Q

Pepsin digests

A

Proteins

46
Q

Amylase digests

A

Carbohydrates

47
Q

Lipase digests

A

Fats (lipids)

Biology 2024/25 (6 decks)

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