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unit 4 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

what was the number one export from the US by the civil war?

A

cotton

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2
Q

what amount of whites in the south had slaves by 1860 and how many did they own?

A

1/4. 50% owned fewer than 5, only 1% owned more than 100.

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3
Q

social hierarchy of the south

A

planter aristocracy, small scale slave owners, white non-slave owners, mountain whites, free blacks, 4 million slaves.

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4
Q

where did slaves live?

A

living quarters often called slave row.

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5
Q

field slaves

A

worked in the field while being overseen by supervisors making sure they were doing good work.

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6
Q

domestic slaves

A

slaves that worked in the home (childcare, cooking, cleaning). seen as a part of the family by owners.

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7
Q

nat turner’s rebellion

A

turner believed he was called by God to end slavery, him and others kill many whites then are squashed by military.

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8
Q

manifest destiny

A

americans believe they have a God-given right to have a nation from the pacific to the atlantic.

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9
Q

california gold rush

A

gold discovered in california in 1848, people from the east rushed over.

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10
Q

preemption acts

A

passed during the 1830-40s, abundant land was available for cheap for those looking to setup a homestead and farm westward.

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11
Q

james k polk

A

elected in 1844, big on manifest destiny, wanted texas and oregon.

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12
Q

two requirements made by mexican government for texas settlers.

A

convert to roman catholicism and outlawed slavery.

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13
Q

sam houston revolt

A

declare texas as an independent republic.

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14
Q

the alamo

A

mexico sent forces to put down the revolt of sam houston. mexico won by killing every american defending it.

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15
Q

battle of san jacinto

A

retaliation after the alamo, houston and his army capture the mexican general and force him to sign a treaty making Texas independent. Texas claims independence but Mexico doesn’t recognize it.

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16
Q

Oregon territory ownership

A

britain and america had competing claims to it. divided at the 49th parallel when america gained ownership.

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17
Q

john slidell

A

senator who went to mexico city to ask the government to sell the US more land (new mexico and california) and settle the location of the southern border.

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18
Q

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

A

officially ended the Mexican american war, established the rio grande as the southern border of texas, mexico cession (new mexico and california) sold to the US for 15 million.

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19
Q

wilmot proviso

A

any land gained from victory in the mexican american war would be off limits to slavery. turned down.

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20
Q

compromise of 1850 southern position

A

slavery is a constitutional right, slavery location was already decided by the missouri compromise.

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21
Q

free soil movement

A

northern democrats and whigs, wanted new territories to have free laborers.

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22
Q

abolitionists

A

ban slavery everywhere.

23
Q

popular sovereignty

A

each territory should decide its own slavery rules.

24
Q

compromise of 1850

A

made by henry clay. mexican cession divided into utah and new mexico who would practice popular sovereignty, california would be a free state, slave trade banned in DC, stricter fugitive slave laws.

25
Q

abolitionist written work

A

the liberator and uncle tom’s cabin.

26
Q

abolitionist spoken work

A

fredrick douglass’s speeches.

27
Q

underground railroad

A

series of paths and railroads used by slaves to escape to freedom.

28
Q

john brown

A

fierce abolitionist who believed America would be freed of slavery only by slave uprisings. led the harper’s ferry uprising.

29
Q

harper’s ferry uprising

A

led by john brown. wanted to steal weapons and give them to slaves in order to ignite an uprising. quickly squashed and brown was hanged.

30
Q

kansas nebraska act

A

kansas and nebraska came into the union and were clearly above the 36 30 line, stephen douglas suggested this territory be split into 2 and have popular sovereignty.

31
Q

bleeding kansas

A

violence between proslavery and antislavery people in kansas.

32
Q

dred scott decision

A

dred scott was a slave who was taken by his military master to illinois and wisconsin bases, therefore suing for freedom after his master’s death as he was a slave in free states. he was originally given freedom by a jury, but it was overturned by the supreme court. chief justice roger taney and the majority of the court went against scott as he was a slave so he couldn’t sue in federal court and constitution states that congress cannot deny any citizen of property. taney went on to say that all states must protect slaves as property and no slave can sue because they are not citizens.

33
Q

whig factions

A

cotton whigs (proslavery), conscience whigs (antislavery).

34
Q

republicans

A

made in 1854, argued that slavery shouldn’t spread into new territory.

35
Q

john tyler

A

former democrat, left to join whigs because he hated andrew Jackson but didn’t share any other beliefs.

36
Q

54 40 or fight

A

polk wants all of oregon, including in canada. eventually birtain argues that the border will be on the 49th parallel and we get oregon but smaller.

37
Q

cause of the mexican american war

A

polk offered 25 million dollars for all of the southwest but mexico declined because it would half their nation. polk puts the army on the rio grande which he said the border while mexico believed it to be the nueces river, meaning they saw it as an invasion and attacked first which polk wanted.

38
Q

election of 1848

A

whigs nominate war hero zachary taylor and he wins but he is not political.

39
Q

what did california do in 1850?

A

applied for statehood

40
Q

fugitive slave act

A

only runaway accusation needed to put a black man into slavery.

41
Q

whig factions 1850

A

anti compromise and procompromise, who also added freesoil to their platform.

42
Q

gasden purchase

A

purchase of a small section of land in the south for the transcontinental railroad.

43
Q

sumner brooks affair

A

sumner gives a speech blaming the south for kansas conflicts, southern legislator beats him half to death.

44
Q

election of 1856

A

democrats don’t want to nominate stephen douglas, nominate james buchanan and he wins.

45
Q

election of 1860

A

democrats nominated stephen douglas, but they were in factions so they were weak and nominated two other candidates as they knew douglas would cause war. republicans nominated abe lincoln who won without winning popularity or one electoral college vote from the south.

46
Q

northern democrats

A

stephen douglas, popular sovereignty in territories.

47
Q

southern democrats

A

john breckenridge, slavery in new territories protected by a slave code, states have pop sov.

48
Q

confederate states of america

A

many southern states left the union as they could no longer survive. created a constitution that created a weak federal gov and made it impossible to abolish slavery.

49
Q

jefferson davis

A

first and only president of the confederacy.

50
Q

alexander stephens

A

vp of confederacy, delivered cornerstone speech (whites are better than blacks which was the foundation of the confederacy, proven through slavery).

51
Q

paternalism

A

the idea that slavery was a set of reciprocal obligations between masters and slaves, with slaves providing labor and obedience and masters providing basic care and necessary guidance.

52
Q

free soil party

A

anti-slavery men in the north, democrats who disliked polk’s actions, and some conscience whigs. against slavery in the new territories. advocated federal internal improvements.

53
Q

crittenden’s compromise

A

last chance at compromise. an unsuccessful proposal to permanently protect slavery in the US and restore the missouri compromise.

54
Q

fort sumter

A

fort is south carolina, running low on supplies so lincoln says he will protect and resupply it. south carolina saw it as fortification and attacked, quickly winning.

apush (11 decks)

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